90 FLORA. 



throughout N. Am., except the extreme north. Often a troublesome weed. Na- 

 turalized from Europe. July-Sept. 



3. Chaetochloa occidentalis Nash. WESTERN FOX-TAIL GRASS. Culms 

 tufted, from a branching rootstock, 3-8 dm. tall. Sheaths compressed, keeled, 

 smooth and glabrous; leaves erect, firm', 1.6 dm. or less long, 5-7 mm. wide, gla- 

 brous; spike-like^racemes 3-5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. thick, the bristles green; spike- 

 lets a little less th'an 3 mm. long, the first scale about one-half as long as the spike- 

 let, 3 -nerved, the second scale a little longer, 3-5 -nerved, the fourth scale strongly 

 transverse-rugose, elliptic. In meadows, Kans. and Ind. Terr. July. 



4. Chaetochloa versicolor Bicknell. SEACOAST FOX-TAIL GRASS. Perennial. 

 Culms 6-12 dm. long, ascending; sheaths smooth and glabrous, compressed and 

 keeled; leaves long and narrow, 1-3.5 dm. l n g> 2 ~6 mm - wide, pale green or glau- 

 cous, smooth or nearly so-; spike-like panicle long-exserted, rather slender, 2.5-7 

 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. thick; spikelets usually single, about 2.5 mm. long and 

 1.25 mm. wide, the first scale ovate, 3-nerved, about one-half as long as the spike- 

 let, the second scale acute, 3-nerved, the third scale 5 -nerved, the fourth scale 

 rather pointed, purple-tipped; bristles in two nearly equal clusters of 5 each, very 

 slender, 6-IO mm. long. Borders of salt and brackish marshes, Conn, to Fla. 



5. Chaetochloa vfridi? (L.) Scribn. GREEN FOX-TAIL GRASS. (I. F. f. 282.) 

 Culms 3-9 dm. tall. Sheaths glabrous; leaves 7.5-25 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide; 

 spikes compound, 2.5-10 cm. long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, elliptic, much shorter 

 than the green, or sometimes yellowish, bristles; first scale less than one-half as long 

 as the spikelet, i-3-nerved; second and third scales 5 -nerved; fourth scale equalling 

 or slightly exceeding the second. In waste places and cultivated grounds through- 

 out N. Am., except the extreme north, and often a troublesome weed. Naturalized 

 from Europe. July-Sept. 



6. Chaetochloa Italica (L.) Scribn. ITALIAN MILLET. HUNGARIAN 

 GRASS. (I. F. f. 283.) Culms 6-18 dm. tall. Sheaths smooth or scabrous ; leaves 

 1.5-3 dm. or more in length, 6-36 mm. wide, generally scabrous; spikes 1-2.25 

 dm. long, 1.25-5 cm - thick, usually very compound ; spikelets about 3 mm. long, el- 

 liptic, equalled or exceeded by the purplish bristles; first scale less than one-half as 

 long as the spikelet, I 3-nerved; second and third 5-7-nerved, fourth scale equal- 

 ling or somewhat exceeding the second. In waste places, escaped from cultivation, 

 Quebec to Minn. , south to Flat and Tex. Native of the Old World. July-Sept. 



7. Chaetochloa magna (Griseb.) Scribn. GIANT FOX-TAIL GRASS. Culms 

 1.5-5 m - ^11) stout. Sheaths densely hirsute on the margins, otherwise glabrous; 

 leaves 8 dm. or less long, 2-4 cm. wide, very rough on both surfaces; panicle 2-6 

 dm. long, 3-6 cm. thick, nodding above; spikelets 2 mm. long, the first scale about 

 one-half as long as the spikelet, 3 -nerved, the second scale as long as the spikelet. 

 7-nerved, the fourth scale oval, very acute, smooth and shining. In swamps, Del 

 (according to Scribner) to Fla. and Tex. July- Aug. 



19. CENCHRUS L. (See Appendix.) 



Annual or perennial grasses, with usually flat leaves. Inflorescence spike- 

 like. Spikelets subtended by a spiny involucre which is deciduous with them at 

 maturity. Scales 4; the first hyaline; the second and third membranous, the latter 

 sometimes having a palet and staminate flower in its axil; the fourth chartaceous, 

 subtending a palet of similar structure which encloses a perfect flower. Stamens 

 3. Styles united below. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, enclosed in the scales. 

 [Ancient Greek name for some grass, probably Millet.] About 12 species, in 

 tropical and temperate regions. Besides the following, some 4 others occur in the 

 southern parts of N. Am. 



T. Cenchrus tribuloides L. BUR GRASS. HEDGEHOG GRASS. (I. F. f. 284.) 

 Culms erect or decumbent from an annual root, 2-9 dm. long. Sheaths usually 

 loose, compressed, smooth; leaves 6.25-12.5 cm. long; spikes 2.5-6.25 cm. long, 

 sometimes partially included in the upper sheath; involucres crowded on the 

 scabrous rachis, 2-flowered, globose, pubescent except at the base, forming spiny 

 burs, the spines stout; spikelets about 6 mm. long. On sandy shores and in waste 

 places, Me. and Ont. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. Sometimes a noxious 

 weed. Apparently perennial in the Southern States. Aug.-Sept. 



