GRAMINEAE. IO3 



Scales 2-2.5 mm - i n length. 2. A. geniculatus* 



Scales 4-6 mm. in length. 



Spike 3.75-6.25 cm. long ; outer scales glabrous^or sparingly pubescent on the 

 lateral nerves. 3. A.pratensis. 



Spike 3.75 cm. long or less; outer scales villous. 4. A. alpinus. 



1. Alopecurus agrestis L. SLENDER FOXTAIL. (I. F. f. 336.) Smooth 

 or slightly scabrous ; culms 3-6 dm. tall, erect, simple. Sheaths shorter than the 

 internodes ; leaves 3-75-17-5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, scabrous, especially above; 

 spike 3.75-10 cm. long, 4-8 mm. thick ; outer scales of the spikelet united at the 

 base for about half their length, narrowly wing-keeled, 4-5 mm. long, the nerves 

 smooth or scabrous, sometimes hispid below, especially on the keel ; third scale 

 equalling or slightly exceeding the outer ones, smooth and glabrous, the awn in- 

 serted near the base, about twice its length, bent. In waste places and ballast, 

 southern N. Y. and N. J. Adventive trom Europe. Native also of Asia. July- 

 Aug. 



2. Alopecurus geniculatus L. MARSH FOXTAIL. (I. F. f. 337.) Glabrous 

 or very nearly so. Culms 1.5-4.5 dm. tall, erect, or sometimes decumbent at the 

 base ; sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, loose or somewhat inflated; 

 leaves 2.5-15 cm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, scabrous, especially above; 2.5-7.5 cm. in 

 length, 4-8 mm. thick; outer scales of the spikelet slightly united at the base, 

 2-2.5 mnl - l n g> obtuse or subacute, smooth, glabrous except on the pubescent lat- 

 eral nerves and strongly ciliate keel; third scale somewhat shorter, obtuse, smooth 

 and glabrous, the awn inserted at or below the middle, equalling or exceeding it. 

 In wet soil, Newf. to Br. Col., south to Fla., Tenn., Ariz, and Cal. Also in Europe 

 and Asia. July-Sept. 



3. Alopecurus pratensis L. MEADOW FOXTAIL. (I. F. f. 338.) Nearly or 

 quite glabrous. Culms 3-6.25 dm. tall, erect, simple; sheaths usually much shorter 

 than the internodes, loose or somewhat inflated; leaves 3.75-8.75 cm. long, 2-6 mm. 

 wide, scabrous, at least above; spikes 3.75-6.25 cm. in length, 8-12 mm. thick; 

 outer scales of the spikelet uniting at the base for about one-quarter their length, 

 4-6 mm. long, acute, glabrous except the sparingly pubescent lateral nerves and the 

 strongly ciliate keel; third scale slightly shorter, obtuse, smooth and glabrous, the 

 awn inserted about quarter way up the scale and exceeding it. In meadows, N. S. 

 to southern N. Y. and Ohio. Naturalized from Europe. June-July. 



4. Alopecurus alpinus J. E. Smith. ALPINE FOXTAIL. (I. F. f. 339.) 

 Culms glabrous and smooth or nearly so, 1.25-6 dm. tall, erect, sometimes decum- 

 bent at the base, simple. Sheaths generally shorter than the internodes, loose, 

 often inflated ; leaves 2.5-17.5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, smooth beneath, slightly 

 scabrous above; spike 3.75 cm. in length or less, 6-12 mm. thick; outer scales of 

 the spikelet united only at the base, 4 mm. long, obtuse, villous and ciliate; third 

 scale about equalling the outer ones, obtuse, glabrous except at the villous apex, 

 the awn inserted about one-third the way up, a little exceeding the scale. Green- 

 land and Lab. to Alaska. Also in arctic and alpine Europe and Asia. Summer. 



36. PHIPPSIA R. Br. 



A low annual tufted grass, with flat leaves and spike-like panicles. Spikelets 

 I -flowered ; scales 3 ; the 2 outer empty, minute, the first often wanting ; the third 

 scale thin -membranous, keeled. Palet somewhat shorter, 2 -keeled. Stamen I, 

 rarely 2 or 3. Styles short, distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain oblong, enclosed 

 in the scale and palet, which readily split and allow it to drop out. [In honor of 

 John Constantine Phipps, 1744-1792, arctic navigator.] A monotypic genus of 

 the arctic -regions. 



i. Phippsia algida (Soland.) R. Br. PHIPPSIA. (I. F. f. 340.) Smooth and 

 glabrous throughout. Culms 2.5-12.5 cm. 'tall, erect, simple ; leaves 2.5 cm. in 

 length or less, 0.5-2 mm. wide, obtuse ; panicle 6-35 mm. in length, contracted ; 

 branches 6-18 mm. long, erect or appressed ; spikelets 1-1.5 mm - l n g > outer 

 scales minute, unequal, acutish, the first often wanting ; third scale broad, I -nerved, 

 obtuse, or subtruncate and somewhat erose, the palet about two-thirds as long, 

 broad, 2 -keeled, erose-truncate. Arctic regions of both the Old World and the 

 New. Summer. 



