114 FLORA. 



sometimes sparingly hirsute, and rarely with a villous ring at the summit; leaves 

 1-3 dm. long or more, 4-10 mm. wide, scabrous, occasionally sparingly hirsute; 

 panicle 7.5-17.5 cm. in length, contracted, the branches erect, the lower 2. 5-5 cm. 

 long; spikelets 6-8 mm. long; scales strongly scabrous, the outer about equal, 

 acuminate and awn-pointed; third scale shorter, obtuse, the basal hairs one-half to 

 two-thirds its length; awn stout, exceeding or equalling the scale. In moist soil, 

 N. H. and Mass, to Penn., south to Ga. July-Aug. 



43. AMMOPHILA Host. 



Tall perennial grasses with flat leaves, convolute above, and dense spike-like 

 panicles. Spikelets i-flowered, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower and hairy. 

 Scales 3, rigid, chartaceous, acute, keeled; the 2 outer empty, the lower I -nerved, 

 the upper 3-nerved; third scale 5 -nerved, with a ring of short hairs at the base, 

 subtending a chartaceous 2-nerved palet and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles 

 distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, loosely enclosed in the scale and palet. 

 [Greek, signifying sand-loving, in allusion to the habitat of these grasses.] Two 

 specie?, the following widely distributed along the fresh and salt-water shores of the 

 northern hemisphere, the other European. 



i. Ammoph'la arenaria (L.) Link. SEA SAND-REED. SEA MAT-WEED. 

 MARAM. (I. F. f. 380.) Glabrous; culms 6-12 dm. tall, erect, rigid, stout, aris- 

 ing from a long horizontal branching rootstock. Sheaths smooth, the lower short, 

 crowded and overlapping, the upper longer; leaves 1.5-3 dm. l n g or more, rigid, 

 attenuate into a long slender involute point, smooth beneath, scabrous above; spike- 

 like panicle dense, 1-3 dm. in length, 1.2-1.6 cm. thick, its branches 3.75 cm. long 

 or tess, appressed; spikelets I-I.2 cm. long, the scales scabrous, alx>ut equal in 

 length, the third usually with the rudiment of an awn just below the apex; basal 

 hairs 2-4 mm. long. In sands of the seacoast from N. B. to Va., and inland along 

 the shores of the Great Lakes. Also on the coasts of northern Europe. Aug. -Sept. 



44. CALAMOVILFA H^ck. 



Tall grasses with stout horizontal rootstocks, elongated leaves, which are in- 

 volute at the apex, and paniculate inflorescence. Spikelets I -flowered, the rachilla 

 not prolonged beyond the flower. Scales 3, I -nerved, acute, the 2 outer unequal, 

 empty; third scale longer or shorter than the second, with a ring of hairs at the 

 base; palet strongly 2 -keeled. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. 

 Grain free. Seed adherent to the pericarp. [Greek, signifying a reed-like grass.] 

 Three known species, natives of the temperate and subtropical regions of N. Am. 



Spikelets 45 mm. long, the basal hairs less than half the length of the third scale. 



1. C. brevipilis, 

 Spikelets 6-8 mm. long, the basal hairs more than half the length of the third scale. 



2. C, longifolia. 



1. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Hack. SHORT-HAIRED REED -GRASS. 

 (I. F. f. 381.) Glabrous and smooth or very nearly so. Culms 6-12 dm. tall, erect, 

 simple ; leaves 1.5-3 dm. long, 3 mm. wide or less, attenuate into a long slender 

 involute tip, smooth beneath, slightly scabrous above; panicle open, 1.252.5 cm. 

 in length, the branches ascending, the lower 5-10 cm. long; spikelets 4-5 mm. long; 

 scales acute, scabrous toward the apex, the outer unequal, the first one-half as long 

 as the second; third scale exceeding the second, pubescent on the lower half of the 

 keel; basal hairs one-third the length of the scale; palet nearly equalling the scale, 

 pubescent on the lower half of the keel. In swamps, pine barrens of N. J. Local. 

 Aug.-Sept. 



2. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. LONG -LEAVED REED -GRASS. 

 (I. F. f. 382.) Culms 3-9 dm. tall, erect, simple, stout, smooth and glabrous. 

 Sheaths crowded and overlapping, glabrous or rarely pilose; leaves 2-3 dm. long 

 or more, panicle narrow, often 3 dm. long or more, pale, the branches erect or as- 

 cending, the lower 1-2.5 dm. l n g: spikelets 6-8 mm. long; scales acute, smooth, 

 the first shorter than the second; the third a little longer or slightly shorter tbarv 

 the second, and nearly twice the length of the copious basal hairs; palet slightly 



