I 7 8 



FLORA. 



to Fla., Tex., Mex. and Cal., extending north along the Pacific Coast to Ore. Also 

 in Ark. June-Sept. 



12. Scirpus Torreyi Olney. TORREY'S BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 620.) Perennial 

 by rootstocks; culms sharply 3-angled, rather slender, nodulose, 0.5-1.1 m. tall. 

 Leaves narrowly linear, elongated, nodulose, light green; spikelets 1-4, in an ap- 

 parently lateral capitate cluster, oblong, narrowed at each end, 10-16 mm. long; 

 involucral leaf 5-15 cm. long, erect; scales ovate or lanceolate, shining, chestnut- 

 brown, glabrous, mucronulate; bristles about 6, downwardly barbed, longer than 

 the achene; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene obovoid, smooth, shining, light brown, 

 3-angled, one of its sides broader and flatter than the others. In swamps, Vt. tc 

 R. I. and Penn., west to Minn, and Manitoba. July-Sept. 



13. Scirpus mucronatus L. BOG BULRUSH. (I. F. f.' 621.) Perennial: 

 culms stout, tufted, 3-angled, smooth, 0.3-1 m. tall. Spikelets 5-12 in a capitate 

 cluster, oblong, obtuse, 8-18 mm. long, rather more than 2 mm. in diameter, sub- 

 tended by a linear abruptly spreading involucral leaf ; scales broadly ovate, obtuse, 

 light brown with a narrow green midvein, mucronate ; bristles 6, stout, rigid, down- 

 wardly barbed, as long as the achene ; stamens 3 ; style 3-cleft ; achene obovoid, 

 smooth, shining, dark brown, 3-angled, two of the sides narrower and more convex 

 than the third. In a swamp in Del. Co., Penn. Probably adventive or fugitive 

 from Europe. Widely distributed in the Old World. July-Sept. 



14. Scirpus cylindricus(Torr.) Britton. CANBY'S BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 622.) 

 Perennial by stout rootstocks ; culm stout, 3-angled above, 1-2 m. high, the linear 

 nodulose keeled dark green leaves nearly or quite as long. Involucral leaf 1-2.5 

 dm. long, erect ; spikelets in an apparently lateral umbel, drooping, oblong-cylin- 

 dric, acutish, 12 cm. long, primary rays of the umbel bracted by I or more subu- 

 late-linear leaves ; scales ovate or ovate-lanceolate; pale brown, acute, mucronulate ; 

 bristles 6, stout, rigid, about as long as the achene, serrate ; stamens 3 ; style 

 3-cleft; achene obovoid, 3-angled, light brown, smooth, abruptly subulate-pointed. 

 In ponds and swamps, Md. to Fla. and La. July-Sept. [S. Canbyi A. Gray.] 



15. Scirpus validus Vahl. GREAT BULRUSH. MAT-RUSH. (I. F. f. 623.) 

 Perennial by rootstocks ; culm stout, terete, smooth, erect, 13 m. tall, sometimes 

 2 cm. in diameter, sheathed below. Involucral leaf solitary, erect, shorter than 

 the umbel ; umbel compound, appearing lateral, its primary rays 2-IO cm. long ; 

 bracts linear-lanceolate ; spikelets becoming oblong-cylindric, sessile or some of them 

 peduncled, in capitate clusters of 1-5, 5-16 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter ; scales 

 ovate or oblong, with a strong midvein which is sometimes excurrent ; bristles, 4-6, 

 downwardly barbed, equalling or longer than the achene ; stamens 3 ; style 2-cleft ; 

 achene plano-convex, obovate, gray, abruptly mucronate, dull. In ponds and 

 swamps throughout N. Am. June-Sept. 



1 6. Scirpus Californicus (C. A. Meyer) Britton. CALIFORNIA BULRUSH. 

 (I. F. f. 624.) Perennial, similar to the preceding species, the leaves reduced to 

 basal sheaths. Involucral leaf short, stoutly subulate; umbel compound ; spikelets 

 6-10 mm. long, acute, peduncled or some of them sessile; scales brown, ovate, awn- 

 pointed; bristles shorter than or equalling the achene, short plumose below; stamens 

 2-3; style 2-cleft; achene obovate, plano-convex, nearly white, narrowed above into 

 a short point, contracted at the base. In swamps, Fla. to La., N. Mex. and Cal., 

 and widely distributed in tropical America. Not certainly known within our area. 

 June-Aug. 



17. Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad. RED CLUB-RUSH. (I. F. f. 625.) Per. 

 ennial; culms smooth, slender, somewhat compressed, 7~4 cm - tall. Leaves half 

 terete, smooth, shorter than the culm, channeled, 1-8 cm. long, less than 2 mm 

 wide, the lowest reduced to sheaths; spikelets red-brown, few-flowered, narrowly 

 ovoid-oblong, subacute, about 6 mm. long, in a terminal 2-ranked spike; involu, 

 cral leaf solitary, erect, equalling or longer than the spike; scales lanceolate, acute, 

 I -nerved; bristles 3-6, upwardly barbed, shorter than the achene, deciduous; 

 stamens 3; style 2-cleft; achene oblong, pointed at both ends, light brown, piano- 

 convex or slightly angled r 3-4 mm. long. In marshes, N. B. and Oue. to the N. \V. 

 Terr. Also in northern Europe. Summe'r. 



1 8. Scirpus interior Britton. PRAIRIE BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 626.) Per- 

 ennial, culm smooth, sharply triangular, 0.3-0.5 m. tall. Leaves usually pale 

 green, smooth, 2-4 mm. wide ? those of the involucre 3 or 3, the longer much exceeding 



