MOXACEAE. 339 



branches; fruit 4-6 mm. long, about equalling its stalk, its soft processes I mm. 

 long. In swamps, Mo. to Ind., Ky., N. Car., La. and Fla. April-May. 



3. CELTIS L. (See Appendix.) 



Trees or shrubs, wi <i serrate or entire pinnately veined or in some species 3-5- 

 nerved leaves, and polygamous or monoecious (rarely dioecious?) flowers, borne in 

 the axils of leaves of the season, the staminate clustered, the fertile solitary or 2-3 

 together. Calyx 4-6-parted or of distinct sepals. Filaments erect, exserted. 

 Ovary sessile. Stigmas 2, recurved or divergent, tomentose or plumose. Fruit 

 an ovoid or globose drupe, with a row of bars at the base, the exocarp pulpy, the 

 endocarp bony. Seed-coat membranous. Embryo curved. [Name ancient, used 

 by Pliny for an African Lotus-tree.] About 60 species, natives of temperate and 

 tropical regions. Besides the following, some 5 others occur in the southern and 

 southwestern parts of N. Am. 



Leaves sharply serrate, thin ; ripe drupe 8-10 mm. in diameter. 



Leaves smooth above. i. C. occidentalis. 



Leaves scabrous above. 2. C. crassifolia. 



Leaves entire or nearly so, thick ; drupe 4-6 mm. in diameter. 3. C. Mississippiensis. 



1. Celtis occidentalis L. AMERICAN NETTLE-TREE. SUGAR-BERRY. (I. F. f. 

 1255.) A tree or shrub, the bark dark and rough, the twigs glabrous. Leaves 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, mostly thin, usually abruptly acuminate, 

 inequilateral, pinnately veined, 0.3-1 dm. long, smooth above, pubescent or 

 glabrate beneath; calyx-segments linear-oblong, deciduous; drupe globose and 

 purple, or nearly black when mature, or orange, 8-io mm. in diameter. In dr} 

 soil, Quebec to Manitoba, La., N. Car., Mo. and Kans. April-May. Fruit rip' 

 Sept. Variable. 



2. Celtis crassifolia Lam. HACKBERRY. A tree or shrub, the young 

 shoots puberulent. Leaves ovate, firm, inequilateral, acute or short-acuminate at 

 the apex, often cordate at base, scabrous above and often so beneath, more or less 

 pubescent, usually serrate quite to the tip, rarely entire, 3-12 cm. long; fruiting 

 pedicels mostly about twice as long as the petioles or more, sometimes short; drupe 

 purple, red or nearly black when mature, globose to oval, 8-10 mm. in diameter 

 N. Y. to S. Car., Ohio, 111., Mo. and Tenn. 



3 Celtis Mississippiensis Bosc. SOUTHERN HACKBERRY. (I. F. f. 1256.) 

 A tree, similar to the two preceding, the bark light gray, rough and warty. Leaves 

 lanceolate, firm, entire or with a few low sharp teeth, 3 -nerved and prominently 

 pinnately veined, glabrous, long-acuminate at the apex, inequilateral, 2-8 cm. 

 long, drupe purple-black, 5-6 mm. in diameter. In dry soil, N. Car. to 111., Mo., 

 Kans., Fla. and Tex. April. Fruit ripe July -Aug. 



Family 2. MORACEAE Lindl. 



Mulberry Faintly. 



Trees, shrubs or herbs, mostly with milkv sap, petioled stipulate 

 leaves, and small monoecious or dioecious axillary clustered flowers, or 

 the pistillate flowers solitary in some exotic genera. Calyx mostly 4-5- 

 parted. Petals none. Staminate flowers panicled, spicate or capitate, 

 the stamens iis many as the calyx-segments. Pistillate flowers capitate, 

 spicate or cymose. Ovary superior, i-celled in our genera. Ovule soli- 

 tary, pendulous, anatropous. Styles i or 2. About 55 genera and 92? 

 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions. 



Trees or shrubs ; stipules fugacious. 



Staminate and pistillate flowers spiked ; leaves dentate or lobed. i. Morus. 

 btaminate flowers racemose or spiked ; pistillate capitate. 



Pistillate perianth deeply 4-cleft ; leaves entire. 2 . Toxylon. 



Pistillate perianth 3-4-toothed ; leaves various. 3 . Broussonetia. 



Erect or twining herbs ; stipules persistent. 



Twining vines ;. pistillate flowers in ament-like clusters. 4. Humiiltts 



Erect herb; pistillate flowers spicate, Cwnafa's 



