CA L YCA N THA CEA ELA URA CEA E. 43 5 



Family 8. CALYCANTHACEAE Lindl. 



Strawberry-shrub Family. 



Shrubs, with op[ osite entire short-petioled leaves, no stipules, and 

 terminal solitary large flowers on leafy branches. Sepals and petals im- 

 bricated in many series. Stamens <x> , the inner sterile, short, inserted on 

 the receptacle; anthers innate. Pistils oo , nearly enclosed in the hollow 

 receptacle ; ovules I or 2, anatropous. Fruit accessory, consisting of the 

 enlarged ovoid oblong or pyriform receptacle, to which the bases of 

 petals, sepals and bracts are adnate, enclosing few to many smooth shin- 

 ing achenes. Seed erect ; cotyledons foliaceous, convolute. A family of 

 2 genera and about 5 species, natives of N. Am. and eastern Asia. 



i. BUTNERIA Duham. [CALYCANTHUS L.] 



Stamens inserted in several rows. Flowers purple or red. Otherwise as in the 

 family. [Name in honor of Butner or Buettner.] The genus comprises 3 species, 

 one additional to those here described occurring on the Pacific Coast. Chimonan- 

 thus Lindl. ol Japan and China comprises 2 species. 



Leaves pubescent beneath ; flowers fragrant. i. B.florida. 



Leaves green, often glaucous beneath, smooth or rough above; flowers not fragrant. 



2. B.fertilis. 



1. Butneria florida (L.) Kearney. HAIRY STRAWBERRY-SHRUB. (I. F. f. 

 1650.) A branching shrub, 1-3 m. high, the branchlets and petioles pubescent. 

 Leaves ovate or oval, rough above; flowers dark purple, about 2.5 cm. broad, with 

 a strong odor of strawberries when crushed ; sepals and petals linear or oblong, 

 12-16 mm. long. In rich soil, Va. (?), N. Car. to Ga., Ala. and Miss. April- Aug. 



2. Butneria fertilis (Walt.) Kearney. SMOOTH STRAWBERRY-SHRUB. (I. F. f. 

 1651.) Branchlets and petioles glabrous or nearly so. Leaves ovate, ovate-lan- 

 ceolate or oblong- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, rough and dark green above, 

 glaucous and sometimes slightly pubescent beneath or bright green and smooth on 

 both sides; sepals and petals linear or linear- lanceolate, acute; flowers greenish- 

 purple, inodorous. In rich woods, Fenn. to N. Car., Tenn. and Ga. March- Aug. 



Family 9. LAURACEAE Lindl. 

 Laurel Family. 



Aromatic trees and shrubs, with alternate (very rarely opposite) 

 mostly thick, punctate exstipulate leaves. Flowers small, perfect, polyg- 

 amous, dioecious, or sometimes monoecious, usually fragrant, yellow or 

 greenish, in panicles, corymbs, racemes or umbles. Calyx 4-6-parted, 

 the segments imbricated in 2 series in the bud. Corolla none. Stamens 

 inserted in 3 or 4 series of 3 on the calyx, distinct, some of them com- 

 monly imperfect or reduced to staminodia : anthers opening by valves. 

 Ovary superior, free from the calyx, i -celled ; ovule solitary, anatropous, 

 pendulous; stigma discoid or capitate. Fruit a i-seeded drupe or berry. 

 Endosperm none. Cotyledons plano-convex, accumbent. About 40 

 genera and 900 species, widely distributed in tropical regions ; a few in 

 the temperate zones. 



Flowers perfect, panicled, not involucrate : leaves evergreen. i. Persea. 



Flowers mostly dioecious, racemose or umbellate, involucrate ; leaves deciduous. 

 Anthers 4-cellecl. 



Flowers in umbelled racemes ; leaves, or some of them, lobed. 2. Sassafras. 

 Flowers in capitate umbels ; leaves all entire. 3. Malapoenna. 



Anthers 2-celled ; leaves entire. 4- Benzoin. 



i. PERSEA Gaertn. f. 



Leaves alternate, coriaceous, persistent, entire. Calyx 6-parted, persistent. 

 Stamens 12, in 4 series of 3, the inner series reduced to gland-like staminodia, the 



