636 



FLORA. 



outline, becoming 7-13 cm, wide, some undivided, merely dentate or coarsely ser- 

 rate, mostly cleft or divided to below the middle into 5 or 7 incised lobes, the base 

 strongly decurrent; flowers blue; sepals lanceolate, acute; capsules abundant, those 

 from the petaliferous flowers oval, prismatic, 8-16 mm. long, on erect peduncles, 

 those from the cleistogamous flowers oblong, smaller, ascending or erect. -Open 

 ground along roads, Mo. to Kans. and Ind. Terr. Type collected by J. B. S. Norton 

 at Valley Park, Mo., July 15, 1899. 



6. Viola falcata Greene. FALCATE-LEAVED VIOLET. Plants solitary, with 

 a long perpendicular rootstock, leaves few, sparsely pubescent, the blades 1-2.5 

 cm. long when mature, broadly deltoid in outline, cleft or divided into several seg- 

 ments which are either simple or again lobed, the outer distinctly falcate; flowers 

 similar to those of V. palmata ; capsules from the apetalous flowers ovoid, usually 

 hypogseous, on slender horizontal peduncles. In dry but rich woods, N. Car. to 

 southern 111. May-June. 



7. Viola pedata L. BIRD'S-FOOT VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2492.) Glabrous, from a 

 short vertical rootstock; leaves numerous, the blades nearly orbicular in outline, 

 1.5-5 cm - wide, pedately parted or divided into 5-1 1 linear, often toothed lobes, those 

 of the earliest leaves broader and spatulate; flowers 1.5-3.5 cm - broad, lilac, blue, 

 or rarely white, one or both of the upper petals frequently dark purple; stigma 

 beardless, not rostrate; capsules 1-1.4 cm - l n g- Dry fields and hillsides, Me. and 

 Ont. to Minn., Mo. and Fla. April-May. 



8. Viola cuspidata Greene. CUSPIDATE VIOLET. Low at flowering time, 

 usually densely hirsute; leaves borne well above the flowering scapes, the blades 

 from cordate-ovate to orbicular, crenate- serrate, rugose-veined, cucullate; flowers 

 16-18 mm. broad, deep blue; sepals lanceolate, obtuse; upper petals obovate, acute, 

 the lowermost one truncate and, cuspidate ; capsules from the cleistogamous flowers 

 on decumbent peduncles. Woods, Ind., Wis., Minn, to Br. Col. April-May. 



9. Viola obliqua Hill. THIN-LEAVED WOOD VIOLET. Slender, often soli- 

 tary, from a horizontal or ascending rootstock; leaves dark green, long petioled, 

 the blades cordate-ovate, usually attenuate at apex, with a deep sinus at base, the 

 margin irregularly crenate-dentate, 2.5-7.5 cm. broad; blade not at all cucullate, 

 but spreading at right angles to the petiole; scapes nearly equalling the foliage; 

 flowers pale blue; capsules oblong-oval, 6 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous 

 flowers on filiform deflexed peduncles. Rich soil in shade, N. Y. to Va. April- 

 May. \V. affinis LeConte. Not V. obliqua of III. Fl.]. 



10. Viola papilionacea Pursh. MEADOW OR HOODED BLUE VIOLET. (I. F. 

 f. 2487.) Usually glabrous, the foliage bright green; leaves with blades 5-13 cm. 

 long, usually cucullate, reniform or ovate, crenate, cordate at base; scapes exceed- 

 ing the leaves at flowering time; flowers 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, dark violet-purple, the 

 two upper petals reflexed; keel petal narrow, this and the lateral ones copiously 

 bearded with yellowish- white hairs; capsules oblong ; those from the cleistogamous 

 flowers on deflexed peduncles. \V. obliqua of 111. FL, not of Hill.] Woodlands 

 and meadows, N. S. to Minn., Ga. and Kan. April-June. 



V. papilion&cea dom^stica (Bicknell) Pollard. (I. F. App. f. 248-7%.) Plant of much 

 stouter habit; blades of the leaves usually broadly reniform, somewhat decurrent at base, 

 often 10-13 cm. wide ; cleistogamous flowers very numerous, mostly subterranean. [ V. 

 domestica Bicknell.] Cultivated soil around dwellings, N. Y. to Va. April-May. 



11. Viola pratincola Greene. EN TIRE-LEAVED PRAIRIE VIOLET. Glabrous, 

 from a stout ascending knotted rootstock; leaves light green, the blades cordate- 

 reniform, crenate, abruptly attenuate, becoming 6-10 cm. broad; scapes mostly ex- 

 ceeding the leaves ; flowers 1.5-2 cm. wide, light blue, the petals broad and 

 rounded, paler at base, the lowermost purple-veined, the lateral conspicuously 

 white-bearded; capsules from cleistogamous flowers oval, almost entirely subter- 

 ranean. Prairies, Ind. to Minn, and Iowa. April-May. 



12. Viola villosa Walt. SOUTHERN WOOD VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2488.) Root- 

 stock short, thick, oblique. Leaves commonly appressed to the ground, dark green, 

 often purple-veined above, purplish beneath, silvery-hairy or glabrate, the blade 

 reniform or orbicular, with a narrow sinus, usually obtuse, crenate, 2.5-6 cm. 

 wide; scapes exceeding the leaves; flowers reddish-purple, 12-16 mm. wide; sepals 

 lanceolate, obtuse; spur blunt; capsules 6 -8 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous 



