VIOLACLAE. 639 



30. Viola primulaefolia L. PRIMROSE-LEAVED VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2499.) Gla- 

 brous or somewhat pubescent, producing long stolons in late summer; leaves with 

 oval or ovate-oblong blades, the base usually decurrent upon the petioles, sometimes 

 truncate or subcordate, the margins entire or crenulate; sepals lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate; flowers white, 8-12 mm. wide, the petals purple- veined, scarcely bearded; 

 capsules oval, 6-10 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous flowers nodding on 

 short erect peduncles. Moist or wet ground, N. B. to Fla. and La. April-June. 



31. Viola lanceolataL. LANCE- LEAVED VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2500.) Glabrous, 

 the stolons rooting freely at the nodes. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the 

 blades 513 cm. long, decurrent upon the petiole, the margins obscurely crerulate; 

 scapes usually somewhat shorter than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, acuminate; 

 flowers white, 8-10 mm. wide, the petals beardless, the lower and lateral ones 

 with purple veins; capsules oval, 6-10 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous 

 flowers nodding on short erect peduncles, frequently borne on the stolons. Wet 

 meadows and along streams, N. S. to Minn., Fla. and Tex. April-June. 



32. Viola Nuttallii Pursh. NUTTALL'S VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2501.) Subcau- 

 lescent, later with ascending tufted leafy stems from a thick rootstock; leaves firm, 

 nearly glabrous, the blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or irregularly 

 crenate, tapering below into margined petioles, the apex obtuse; peduncles shorter 

 than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, acuminate; flowers yellow, 1-2 cm. wide; petals 

 beardless, the lower and lateral ones often purple-veined; stigma bearded; capsule 

 oval, 6 mm. long. Prairies, Manitoba to Mont., Kans. and Mo. May. 



33. Viola hastata Michx. HALBERD-LEAVED YELLOW VIOLET. (I. F. f. 

 2502.) Stem simple, erect, usually glabrous, 1-3 dm. high; stem-leaves borne 

 near the summit, short-petioled, hastate or hastate-ovate, 2-10 cm. long, repand 

 or denticulate, acute; basal leaves, when present, larger, more cordate; flowers 

 yellow, 8-16 mm. wide; lateral petals bearded; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute; 

 spur short; capsule 8-10 mm. long. Woods, in hilly regions, Penn. and Ohio to 

 Ga. and Ala. April-June. 



34. Viola pubescens Ait. HAIRY YELLOW VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2503.) Stem 

 simple, erect, pubescent or villous, 1-5 dm. high; basal leaves ovate-reniform, 

 long-petioled, early withering; stem leaves borne near the summit, short-petioled, 

 the blades ovate or reniform, 5-13 cm. wide, acute or abruptly attenuate, crenate- 

 dentate; sepals oblong -lanceolate; flowers bright yellow, 12-16 mm. wide; petals 

 obscurely purple- veined; spur short; capsule oblong, glabrous or tomentose, 10-16 

 mm. long. Dry woods, Quebec to S. Dak., Ga. and Iowa. April-May. 



35. Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.) Schwein. SMOOTHISH YELLOW VIOLET. 

 (I. F. f. 2504. ) Stems clustered, glabrate or glabrous, decumbent or ascending, 

 1-4 dm. high; basal leaves broadly ovate, long-petioled, more or less persistent; 

 stem leaves with blades from reniform to cordate-ovate, acute, crenate, dentate, 

 2.5-6 cm. wide; sepals linear-lanceolate; flowers pale yellow, 10-16 mm. broad; 

 petals purple- veined; spur short; capsule oval, glabrous or tomentose, 6-IO mm. 

 long. Moist woods and thickets, N. S. to Manitoba, Neb., Ga. and Tex. April- 

 May. Blooms earlier than the preceding. 



36. Viola Canadensis L. CANADA VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2505.) Stems tufted, 

 leafy, 0.7-4 dm. high; leaves short-petioled, glabrous, the blades cordate-ovate, 

 acute or acuminate, 2.5-6 cm. long, serrate; stipules lanceolate, entire; flowers 

 pale violet or white, 1-2 cm. broad; lateral petals bearded, purple- veined; sepals 

 linear, attenuate; capsule glabrous, oval, 6-8 mm. long. Woods, in hilly districts, 

 Newf. and Sask. to N. Car.. Neb., N. Mex. and Ariz. May-July. 



37. Viola striata Ait. PALE OR STRIPED VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2506.) Stems 

 tufted, glabrous, becoming over 6 dm. long in late summer; leaves numerous, 

 slender-petioled, the blades ovate or nearly orbicular, 2.5-6 cm. wide, often slightly 

 pubescent, the upper ones acute; stipules large, dentate or even laciniate; flowers 

 long-peduncled, white or cream-colored, sometimes bluish, 1-2 cm. broad; petals 

 darker-veined, the lateral ones bearded; capsule ovoid, glabrous. Moist woods 

 and thickets, N. Eng. and Ont. to Minn., Ga. and Mo. April -May. 



38. Viola Labradcrica Schrank. AMERICAN DOG VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2507.) 

 Stems tufted, glabrous, leafy; leaves slender-petioled, the blades reniform to or- 

 bicular, cordate, acutish or obtuse, 1-4 cm. wide; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, 

 entire or serrate; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate; flowers long-peduncled, light 



