MONO TROPA CEAE. 695 



5-cleft, or5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, concave, nearly orbicular, sessile. Stamens 

 10, similar to those o f Pyrola. Ovary globose, 5-lobed, 5-celled; ovules numerous; 

 style short, obconic; stigma large, orbicular, 5-crenate. Capsule erect, globose, 

 5-lobed, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved from the top, the valves not woolly on the 

 margins. Seeds numerous, minute, the testa reticulated, produced at each end. 

 [Greek, winter-loving, from its evergreen leaves.] About 6 species, natives of N. 

 Am., Mex. and Asia. Besides the following, another occurs on our Pacific Coast. 

 Leaves lanceolate, mottled with white. i. C. maculata. 



Leaves spatulate or cuneate-oblanceolate, bright green. 2. C. umbellata. 



x. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh. SPOTTED WINTERGREEN. (I. F. f. 

 2735.) Stem sending up both sterile and flowering branches 8-25 cm. high. 

 Leaves acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, 2.5-7.5 cm. long, 6-24 mm. wide be- 

 low the middle; flowers few, white or pinkish, 12-20 mm. broad; peduncle and 

 pedicels puberulent; filaments villous at the middle; capsules erect, depressed- 

 globose, about 8 mm. in diameter. In dry woods, Me. and Ont. to Minn., Ga. and 

 Miss. June-Aug. 



2. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. PIPSISSEWA. PRINCE'S PINE. (I. F. f. 

 2736.) Similar to the preceding, the branches commonly stouter, sometimes 3 dm. 

 high, usually more leafly. Leaves obtuse or acutish, sharply serrate, shining, 2.5- 

 6 cm. long, 6-25 mm. wide above the middle ; flowers several, white or pinkish, 

 commonly smaller than those of the preceding, usually marked by a deep pink 

 ring; filaments ciliate; capsule 6-8 mm. in diameter. In dry woods, N. S. to Br. 

 Col., Ga., Mex. and Cal. Also in Europe and Asia. June-Aug. 



Family 3. MONOTROPACEAE LindL 



Indian-pipe Family. 



Humus-plants or saprophytes, with mostly simple, leafless scaly scapes. 

 Calyx 2-6-parted; sepals erect, imbricated, deciduous. Corolla gamo- 

 petalous or polypetalous (wanting in the California Allotropd)\ lobes or 

 petals 3-6. Stamens 6-12, hypogy nous; anthers 2-celled or confluently 

 i -celled, attached to the filaments by their backs or bases; pollen-grains 

 simple. Disk obsolete or 8-i2-lobed. Ovary 4-6-lobed, i-6-celled; 

 stigma capitate or peltate ; ovules numerous, anatropous. Capsule 4-6- 

 lobed, or terete, i-6-celled, loculicidally 4-6-valved, many-seeded. Seeds 

 minute, the testa reticulated. About 9 genera and 12 species, mostly of 

 the northern hemisphere. 

 Corolla gamopetalous, persistent. 



Corolla globose-ovoid ; anthers 2-awned. I. Pterospora. 



Corolla campanulate; anthers awnless. 2. Monotropsis. 



Corolla polypetalous, deciduous. 



Flower solitary. 3. Monotropa. 



Flowers racemose. 4. Hypopitys. 



I. PTERO'SPORA Nutt. 



Scape slender, from a thick base of fibrous roots. Flowers and capsules race- 

 mose, pendulous. Calyx deeply 5 parted. Corolla globose-ovoid, with 5 reflexed 

 lobes. Stamens 10, included; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers introrse, hori- 

 zontal in the bud, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled; style 

 short, columnar; stigma capitate, 5-lbed. Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobed, 

 5-celled. 5-valved, the apex and base intruded. Seeds horizontal, globose-ovoid, 

 with a terminal reticulated wing. [Greek, wing seeded.] A monotypic genus. 



I. Pterospora Andromedea Nutt. GIANT BIRD'S-NEST. PINE-DROPS. 

 (I. F. f. 2737.) Roots astringent, forming a rounded mass sometimes 5 cm. in 

 diameter. Scape purplish or brown, 1.5-14 dm. high, grooved, covered with vis- 

 cid hairs; scales lanceolate, or linear, numerous and crowded at the base; flowers 

 white, 4-8 mm. broad; pedicels at first spreading, soon recurved, 6-20 mm. long, 

 viscid; sepals oblong, about one-half the length of the corolla; capsule 8-12 mm. 

 in diameter. In rich woods, Quebec and N. H. to Penn., Br. Col. and Cal., south 

 in the Rocky Mts. to Ariz. June-Aug. 



