CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 869 



obovate or oblanceolate ; peduncles slender; cymes several-flowered; flowers white 

 or pinkish, 3 mm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; fruit hispid, about 2 mm. broad. 

 In waste places, New Brunswick, N. J. Fugitive from Europe. May -July. 



Asperula arvdnsis L., another European species, with terminal capitate flowers and 

 linear obtuse leaves, has been found in waste places on Staten Island. 



Family 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. 

 Honeysuckle Family. 



Shrubs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite leaves and per- 

 fect, mostly cymose flowers. Stipules none, or sometimes present. Calyx- 

 tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 3-5-toothed or 3~5-lobed. Corolla 

 gamopetalous, the limb 5-lobed, sometimes 2-lipped. Stamens 5 (rarely 

 4), inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes ; anthers 

 versatile. Ovary inferior, i-6-celled ; style slender ; stigma capitate, or 

 2-5-lobed, the lobes stigmatic at the summit; ovules anatropous. Fruit 

 a 1-6 celled berry, drupe, or capsule. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular ; 

 seed-coat membranous or crustaceous, embryo usually small, placed 

 near the hilum ; radicle terete; cotyledons ovate. About 10 genera 

 and 260 species, mostly of the northern hemisphere. 



Corolla rotate to urn-shaped; flowers in compound cymes; style deeply 2-s-lobed; shrubs 



or trees 



Leaves pinnate ; drupe 3~5-seeded. i. Sambucus. 



Leaves simple ; drupe i-seeded. 2. Viburnum. 



Corolla tubular to campanulate, often 2-lipped ; style slender. 



Erect perennial herbs ; leaves connate. 3. Triosteum. 



Creeping, somewhat woody herb; flowers long-peduncled, geminate. 



4. Linnaea. 

 Shrubs or vines. 



Fruit a few-seeded berry. 



Corolla short, campanulate, regular, or nearly so. 5. Symphoricarpos. 



Corolla more or less irregular, tubular or campanulate. 6. Lonicera. 

 Fruit a 2-celled capsule; corolla funnelform. 7. Diervilla. 



i. SAMBUCUS L. 



Shrubs or trees (or some exotic species perennial herbs), with opposite pinnate 

 leaves, serrate or laciniate leaflets, and small white or pinkish flowers in compound 

 depressed or thyrsoid cymes. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, 3-5 -toothed or 3-5- 

 lobed. Corolla rotate or slightly campanulate, regular, 3~5-lobed. Stamens 5, in- 

 serted at the base of the corolla; filaments slender; anthers oblong. Ovary 3-5- 

 celled; style short, 3-parted ; ovules I in each cavity, pendulous. Drupe berry- 

 like, containing 3-5, i-seeded nutlets. Endosperm fleshy; embryo nearly as long 

 as the seed. [Latin name of the elder.] About 20 species, of wide geographic 

 distribution. In addition to the following, 3 or 4 others occur in" western N. Am. 

 Cyme convex; fruit purplish blac^. i. S. Canadensis. 



Cyme thyrsoid-paniculate, longer than broad; fruit red. 2. S. pubens. 



1. Sambucus Canadensis L. AMERICAN ELDER. SWEET ELDER. (I. F. 

 f. 3432.) A shrub, 1-3.5 m - high glabrous or nearly so, the stems but little woody, 

 the younger ones with large white pith. Leaflets 5-11, usually 7, ovate or oval, 

 acuminate or acute, short-stalked, glabrous above, sometimes slightly pubescent on 

 the veins beneath, 5-13 cm. long, sharply serrate, sometimes stipellate ; cymes 

 broader than high; flowers white, about 3 mm. broad ; drupe nearly 6 mm. in 

 diameter ; nutlets roughened. In moist soil, N. B. and N. S. to Fla., Manitoba, 

 Kans. and Tex. June-July. 



2. Sambucus pubens Michx. RED-BERRIED ELDER. (I. F. f. 3433.) A 

 shrub, 0.6 4 m. high, the twigs and leaves commonly pubescent; stems woody, the 

 younger with reddish-brown pith. Leaflets 5-7. ovate-lanceolate or oval, acumin- 

 ate at the apex, often narrowed and usually inequilateral at the base, 5-13 cm. long, 

 not stipellate, sharply serrate ; cymes longer than broad ; flowers whitish, turning 



