894 FLORA. 



summit, or beaked in some species. Pappus of I or 2 series of slender plumose 

 bristles. [Greek, bitter.] About 35 species, natives of the Old World, one per- 

 haps indigenous in Alaska. 



Outer involucral bracts linear; achenes not beaked. i. P. hieraciotdes. 



Outer involucral bracts ovate, foliaceous ; achenes short-beaked. 2. P. echtoides. 



1. Picris hieracioides L. HAWKWEED PICRIS. (I. F. f. 3524.) Biennial, 

 more or less hispid, much branched, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, dentate, or nearly entire, the basal narrowed into petioles, acute, often 

 15 cm. long, those of the stem mostly sessile and smaller; heads numerous, 1-2.5 cm - 

 broad; involucre 8-12 mm. high, its outer bracts linear, subulate, spreading, the 

 inner linear-lanceolate, acuminate; pappus copious, nearly white. In waste 

 places, 111., Penn., N. J., and in ballast about the seaports. Adventive from 

 Europe. Nat. also of Asia. Very bitter. June- Sept. 



2. Picris echioides L. BRISTLY OX-TONGUE. BUGLOSS AND BUGLOSS PIC- 

 RIS. (I. F. f. 3525.) Annual or biennial, branched, hispid; stem about 7 dm. 

 high. Basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse, repand-dentate, 5-15 cm. 

 long, narrowed into petioles; upper leaves sessile and clasping, oblong or lanceo- 

 late, smaller, the uppermost mainly acute and entire; heads numerous, short-ped- 

 uncled, about 12 mm. broad; outer bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, foliaceous, 

 ovate, acute, hispid-ciliate, the inner ones lanceolate, membranous. In waste 

 places, N. S. and Ont., and in ballast about the seaports. Fugitive from Europe. 



9. PTILORIA Raf. [STEPHANOMERIA Nutt.] 



Annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, often glaucous herbs, with erect, simple 

 or branched, usually rigid stems, alternate or basal, entire dentate or runcinate- 

 pinnatifid leaves, those of the stem and branches often reduced to subulate scales, 

 and small erect heads of pink flowers, paniculate, or solitary at the ends of the 

 branches, opening in the morning. Involucre cylindric or oblong, its principal 

 bracts few, equal, scarious-margined, slightly united at the base, with numerous 

 short exterior ones and sometimes a few of intermediate length. Receptacle flat, 

 naked. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong 

 or linear, terete or columnar, 5-ribbed, truncate or beaked at the summit, the ribs 

 smooth or rugose. Pappus of I series of rather rigid plumose bristles. [Greek, 

 referring to the feathery pappus.] About 16 species, natives of western and cen- 

 tral N. Am. 



Pappus brownish, plumose except at the base. i. P. pauciflora, 



Pappus white, plumose to the base. 2. P. ramosa. 



1. Ptiloria pauciflora (Torr.) Raf. BROWN-PLUMED PTILORIA. (I. F. f. 

 3526.) Perennial; stem rather stout, striate, rigid, divergently branched, 3-6 dm. 

 high. Basal and lower leaves runcinate-pinnatifid. 3-6 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, 

 the upper all short and narrowly linear or reduced to scales; heads somewhat 

 racemose-paniculate along the branches, usually about 5-flowered; involucre 

 8-10 mm. high; rays 2-4 mm. long; pappus brownish, plumose to near the base. 

 Plains, Neb. (?), Kans. and Wyo. to Tex. and Cal. Summer. 



2. Ptiloria ramosa Rydb. WHITE-PLUMED PTILORIA. (I. F. f. 3527.) 

 Similar to the preceding species, but commonly lower, bushy -branched. Basal 

 leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, those of the stem linear, entire, or sometimes runcinate- 

 dentate, the uppermost reduced to small scales; heads numerous, usually solitary 

 at the ends of the branchlets; pappus bright white, very plumose to the base. 

 Plains and dry, rocky soil, western Neb. to Mont, and Colo. May-Aug. It has 

 been confused with P. tenuifolia (Torr.) Raf. 



10. TRAGOPOGON L. 



Biennial or perennial, erect, usually branched, somewhat succulent herbs, with 

 slender fleshy tap-roots, alternate entire linear -lanceolate long-acuminate leaves, 

 clasping at the base, and long-peduncled large heads of yellow or purple flowers, 

 opening in the early morning, usually closed by noon. Involucre cylindric or 

 narrowly campanulate, its bracts in i series, nearly equal, acuminate, united at 

 the base. Rays truncate and 5. toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. 



