COMPOSITAE. 979 



46. ADENOCAULON Hook. 



Perennial herbs, with broad alternate slender-petioled leaves, woolly beneath, 

 and panicled small heads of tubular flowers. Involucre campanulate, composed of 

 a few herbaceous bracts. Receptacle nearly flat, naked. Corollas all tubular, 

 4-5-lobed. Marginal flowers pistillate, fertile. Central flowers perfect, sterile, 

 the style undivided; anthers slightly sagittate at the base. Pappus none. Achenes 

 obovoid or clavate, very obtuse, faintly nerved, glandular above, longer than the 

 bracts of the involucre. [Greek, gland-stem.] About 3 species, natives of N. 

 Am., Japan, the Himalayas and Chiie. Only the following in N. Am. 



i. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. ADENOCAULON. (I. F. f. 3860.) Stem 

 floccose- woolly, or at length glabrous, 3-9 dm. high, leafless and mostly panicu- 

 lately branched above. Leaves all basal or nearly so, deltoid-ovate, obtuse or 

 acute at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, coarsely repand-toothed or lobed, 

 thin, green and glabrous above, densely and persistently white-woolly beneath, 5- 

 15 cm. long and broad, with slender narrowly margined petioles; heads numerous, 

 very slender-peduncled, small; bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, ovate to lanceolate, 

 reflexed in fruit, at length deciduous; achenes 6-8 mm. long, I mm. thick, the 

 upper part beset with nail-shaped glands. In moist woods, northern Mich, and 

 Lake Superior to Br. Col. and Cal. May -July. 



47. INULA L. 



Perennial, mostly tomentose or woolly herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, 

 and large heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre hemis- 

 pheric or campanulate, its bracts imbricated in several series, the outer often foli- 

 aceous. Receptacle flat or convex, areolate or foveolate, not chaffy. Ray- flowers 

 pistillate, their ligules 3-toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas tubular, 

 5-toothed. Anthers sagittate at the base, the auricles caudate. Style-branches of 

 the disk- flowers linear, obtuse. Achenes 4-5-ribbed; pappus of capillary rough 

 bristles in our species. [The ancient Latin name. ] About 90 species, natives of 

 Europe, Asia and Africa. 



i. Inula Helenium L. ELECAMPANE. HORSEHEAL. (I. F. f. 3861.) Stems 

 tufted from large thick roots, simple or rarely somewhat branched, 6 18 dm. high, 

 densely pubescent above. Leaves large, broadly oblong, rough above, densely 

 pubescent beneath, denticulate, the basal ones acute at each end, long-petioled, 

 2.5-5 dm. long, 1-2 dm. wide; stem-leaves sessile, or cordate-clasping at the base, 

 acute at the apex, smaller; heads solitary, or few, terminal, stout-peduncled, 5-10 

 cm. broad; involucre hemispheric, nearly 25 mm. high, its outer bracts ovate, 

 foliaceous, pubescent; rays numerous, linear; achenes glabrous, 4-sided. Along 

 roadsides and in fields, N. S. to Out. and Minn., south to N. Car. and Mo. Nat. 

 from Europe. 



48. POLYMNIA L. 



Perennial herbs (some tropical species woody), with opposite membranous lobed 

 or angled leaves, or the lower alternate, and mostly large corymbose-paniculate 

 heads of both tubular and radiate yellow or whitish flowers, or rays sometimes 

 obsolete. Involucre hemispheric or broader, of about 5 large outer bracts, and 

 more numerous smaller inner ones. Receptacle chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, 

 fertile, subtended by the inner involucral bracts, the ligules elongated, minute or 

 none. Disk-flowers subtended by the chaffy scales of the receptacle, perfect, ster- 

 ile, their corollas tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers 2-toothed at the base. Pappus 

 none. Achenes thick, short, turgid, glabrous. [From the Muse Polhymnia.] 

 About 10 species, natives of America. Only the following and one other species 

 are known in N. Am. 



Rays commonly 12-25 mm. long-, yellow; achenes strongly striate. i. P. Uvedalia. 

 Rays commonly minute and whitish, or none ; achenes 3-ribbed. 2. P. Canadensis, 



i. Polymnia Uvedalia L. YELLOW OR LARGE-FLOWERED LEAF-CUP. (I. F. f. 

 3862.) Rough -pubescent, stout, branched, 1-3 m. high. Leaves broadly ovate 

 or deltoid, 3-nervcd, abruptly contracted above the base, minutely ciliate, more or 

 less pubescent on, both sides, angulate-lobed, the lower often 3 dm. long and broad, 



