COMPOSITAE. 989 



2. Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don. LONG-HEADED OR PRAIRIE CONE- 

 FLOWER. (I. F. f. 3893.) Perennial, strigose-pubescent and scabrous; stem slen- 

 der, usually branched, 3-7 dm. high. Leaves pinnately divided into acute or 

 obtuse, entire dentate or cleft segments, the cauline short- petioled or sessile, 5-10 

 cm. long, the basal ones sometimes oblong, obtuse and undivided, slender-petioied; 

 bracts of the involucre short, linear-lanceolate or subulate, reflexed, rays 4-10, yel- 

 low, brown at the base, or brown all over, drooping; pappus of I or 2 subulate 

 teeth usually with several short intermediate scales. On dry prairies, N. W. Terr, 

 to Minn., Tenn., Neb., Tex. and Ariz. May- Aug. 



3. Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart. SHORT-RAYED CONE-FLOWER. 

 (I. F. f. 3894.) Perennial, rough-canescent ; stem 3-4 cm. high, usually much 

 branched, leafy. Leaves firm, pinnately divided into 3-7 mostly entire segments; 

 peduncles terminal, 15 cm. long; heads 25 mm. broad, or less; bracts of the re- 

 ceptacle narrow, deflexed; rays few, mostly shorter than the globose to short-oval 

 disk; pappus of I or 2 subulate deciduous teeth, with no short intermediate teeth. 

 On dry plains and rocky hills, Kans. to Tex., Chihuahua, N. Mex. and Ariz. 

 July-Sept. 



62. BRAUNERIA Neck. [ECHINACEA Moench.] 



Perennial erect branched or simple herbs, with thick black roots, thick rough 

 alternate or opposite 3~5-nerved entire or dentate undivided leaves, and large long- 

 peduncled heads of tubular and radiate flowers, the rays purple, purplish red or 

 white, the disk green or purple, at length ovoidjor 'conic. Involucre depressed-hem- 

 ispheric, its bracts lanceolate, spreading or appressed, imbricated in 2-4 series. 

 Receptacle conic, chaffy, the chaff carinate and cuspidate. Ray-flowers neutral, or 

 with a rudimentary pistil. Disk-flowers perfect, the corolla cylindric, 5-toothed. 

 Achenes 4-sided, obpyramidal, thick. Pappus a short dentate crown. [Named 

 for Jacob Brauner, a German botanist of the i8th century.] Fire known species, 

 natives of N. Am. 



Rays purple to white. 



Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly dentate. i. B. furpurea. 

 Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or linear, entire. 



Rays purplish to white, 2-3 cm. long, spreading. 2. B. angustifolia. 



Rays rose-purple, 3-7 cm. long, narrow, drooping. 3. B. pallida. 



Rays yellow to red. 4. B. atrorubens. 



1. Brauneria purpurea(L.) Bntton. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. BLACK SAMP- 

 SON. RED SUNFLOWER. (I. F. f. 3895.) Stem glabrous or sparingly hispid, 

 usually stout, 6-15 dm. high. Lower and basal leaves slender-petioied, ovate 

 mostly 5 -nerved, acute or acuminate at the apex, abruptly narrowed or rarely 

 cordate at the base, commonly sharply dentate, 7-20 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide ; 

 petioles mostly winged at the summit ; uppermost leaves lanceolate or ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, 3-nerved, sessile or nearly so, often entire ; rays 12-20, purple, crimson, 

 or rarely pale, 4-7 cm. long, spreading or drooping. In moist, rich soil, Va. to 

 Ala., west to 111., Ky. and La. July-Oct. 



2. Brauneria angustifolia (DC.) Heller. NARROW- LEAVED PURPLE CONE- 

 FLOWER. (I. F. f. 3896 as B. pallida.') Stem hispid, slender, often simple, 3-6 

 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute and 

 about equally narrowed at each end, strongly 3-nerved and sometimes with an 

 additional pair of marginal less distinct nerves, entire, 7-20 cm. long, 8-25 mm. 

 wide, the lower and basal ones slender-petioied, the upper short-petioled or 

 sessile; rays short, 2-3 cm., spreading, or rarely deflexed, often pale. In dry soil, 

 especially on prairies, Minn, to the N. W. Terr.. Wyo. and Tex. June-Oct. 



3. Brauneria pallida (Nutt.) Britton. PALE PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. Simi- 

 lar to the preceding species, but usually taller, sometimes I m. high. Stem- leaves 

 elongated-lanceolate, entire; rays narrow and elongated, drooping, 4-7 cm. long, 

 3-6 mm. wide, rose-purple or sometimes nearly white. In dry soil, 111. to Mich., 

 Ark., Ala., La. and Tex. May-July. 



4. Brauneria atrorubens (Nutt.) Boynton & Beadle. RED CONE-FLOWER. 

 Glabrous, or with a few scattered stiff hairs; stem stout, simple, 6-7.5 dm. ta ^' 

 Leaves elongated-lanceolate, entire, strongly 3-nerved, the lower 1.5-2 dm. long, 

 the petioles often as long as the blades, 1.2-2 cm. wide, the upper sessile, all 



