COMPOSITAE. IOI5 



its bracts appre^d, imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle 

 flat, convex or hemispheric, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays white, 

 yellow or rose-colored, entire or toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corol- 

 las with terete or 2-winged tubes and 4-5 -cleft limbs. Anthers obtuse and entire 

 at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers truncate, penicillate. Achenes 

 angled or terete, 5-10 ribbed, those of the ray-flowers commonly 3-angled. Pappus 

 none or a scaly cup. [Greek, golden-flower.] About 100 species, of wide distribu- 

 tion in the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, 2 others occur in north- 

 western arctic America. Our species have white ray -flowers. 



Heads large, few or solitary at the ends of the stem or branches. 



Stem-leaves linear-spatulate, pinnately incised; weed. i. C. Leucanthemum. 



Stem-leaves cuneate-spatulate, toothed or lobed above; arctic. 2. C. arcticum. 

 Heads numerous, small, corymbose; plants escaped from gardens. 



Leaves pinnatifid, segments incised. 3. C. Parthenium. 



Leaves oblong, serrate. 4. C. Balsamita. 



1. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. WHITE-WEED. WHITE OR OX-EYE 

 DAISY. (I. F. f. 3988.) Perennial; stem glabrous, or sparingly puberulent, sim- 

 ple or little branched, 3-9 dm. high, often tufted, the branches nearly erect. Basal 

 leaves obovate, oblong, or spatulate, coarsely dentate or incised, narrowed into 

 long slender petioles; stem-leaves mostly sessile and partly clasping, 37 cm. long, 

 the uppermost very small and nearly entire; heads 3-5 cm. broad, on long naked 

 peduncles; rays 20-30, white, spreading, slightly 2-3-toothed; bracts of the invo- 

 lucre oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mostly glabrous, with scarious margins and a brown 

 line within the margins; pappus none. In pastures, meadows and waste places, 

 common as a weed. Nat. from Europe. Rays rarely short and tubular. Disk 

 bright yellow. May-Nov. 



2. Chrysanthemum arcticum L. ARCTIC DAISY. (I. F. f. 3989.) Similar 

 to the preceding species, but somewhat fleshy, lower, seldom over 3 dm. high. 

 Leaves cuneate-spatulate, 3.5-7.5 cm. long, crenate or cleft at the apex, narrowed 

 into a long tapering entire base, or the lower into slender petioles, slightly clasping 

 at the base, the uppermost few. small, linear and nearly entire; heads solitary or 

 few, long-peduncled, 3-4 cm. broad; rays 20-30, white; bracts of the involucre 

 oblong, obtuse, brown or with broad brown scarious margins, usually pubescent; 

 pappus none. Coast of Hudson Bay to Alaska. Also in arctic Europe and Asia. 

 Summer. 



3. Chrysanthemum Parthenium (L.) Pers. COMMON FEVERFEW. FEATH- 

 ERFEW. (I. F. f. 3990.) Perennial; stem puberulent or glabrate, much branched, 

 3-7 dm. high. Leaves thin, the lower often 15 cm. long, petioled, or the upper 

 sessile, pinnately parted into ovate or oblong, pinnatifid or incised segments; heads 

 numerous, corymbose, slender-peduncled, 12-20 mm. broad; bracts of the depressed 

 involucre lanceolate, rather rigid, keeled, pubescent, acute or acutish; rays 10-20, 

 white, oval or obovate, spreading, mostly toothed, long-persistent; pappus a short 

 toothed crown. In waste places, N. B. and Ont. to N. J., and locally in the inte- 

 rior, mostly escaped from gardens. Nat. or adventive from Europe. Summer. 



4. Chrysanthemum BalsamitaL. COSTMARY. COST. ALECOST. ALECOAST. 

 (I. F. f. 3991.) Perennial, puberulent or canescent; stem much branched, 6-12 

 dm. high. Leaves 3-5 cm. long, those of the stem mostly sessile, and often with a 

 pair of lateral lobes at the base; heads numerous, corymbose, slender-peduncled, 

 10-15 mm ' broad, or when rayless only 6 mm. broad; bracts of the involucre nar- 

 row, obtuse, pubescent; rays 10-15, white, spreading; pappus a short crown. 

 Sparingly escaped from gardens, Ohio to Ont. and N. S. Native of the Old World. 

 Summer. 



87. MATRICARIA L. 



Mostly erect herbs, similar to some species of the preceding genus, with alter- 

 nate leaves, dissected into filiform or narrowly linear segments and lobes, and pe- 

 duncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays wanting in some species. 

 Involucre hemispheric, its bracts appressed, imbricated in few series, the outer 

 shorter. Receptacle conic, elongated or hemispheric, naked. Rays, when present, 

 white, pistillate and fertile. Disk-flowers yellow, perfect, fertile, their corollas 

 4-5 -toothed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk- 



