GENERAL CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER VI. PETROLOGY. 



Stratification 



Internal arrangement of rocks 

 Superposition of strata 

 Inclination of strata 

 Synclinals and anticlinals 



Strike 



Outcrop .... 

 Distinction of stratified and un 



stratified rocks . 

 Definition of strata 

 Their thickness and laminae 

 False bedding 



PAOE 



Terms for groups of strata . . 74 



Disturbed stratification . . 75 



Faults 77 



Overlap 78 



Epochs of convulsion . . -79 

 Analogy of mineral veins and 



dykes 80 



Internal structure of rocks . . 8 1 



Master joints .... 83 



Cleavage 84 



Mechanical strata ... 88 



Alternation and gradation of beds 89 



CHAPTER VII. PHYSICAL AND MINERAL HISTORY OF STRATIFIED 



ROCKS. 



Sands 92 



Cambrian grits .... 94 

 Devonian grits . . . .05 



Carboniferous and Triassic sands . 96 



Wealden sands and Tertiary sands 97 



Glauconite 98 



Clay 99 



Slates 100 



Septaria 1 02 



Phosphatite 103 



Salt and gypsum . . . .105 

 Aragonite organisms and calcite 



organisms 1 06 



Limestones . . . . .107 



Travertine 1 08 



Primary limestones . . .109 

 Secondary limestones . . .no 

 Flints . ill 



CHAPTER VIII. CORAL REEFS. 



Rocks formed of corals 

 Fringing reefs 



114 



Barrier reefs and atolls 



116 



CHAPTER IX. COAST LINES AND THEIR ORIGIN. 



North and West Britain . .119 



Mid Britain 121 



South-east Britain and the Channel 122 



Headlands 123 



The shore 124 



Sand-dunes 125 



Landslips and waste of cliffs . 1 26 

 Islands : Wight, Man, Anglesey, 



Lundy 128 



Inner Hebrides . . . .130 



CHAPTER X. GENERAL FEATURES OF SCENERY AND THEIR RELA- 

 TION TO GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA. 



Tablelands and low plains . .131 

 Low plains 134 



Lacustrine strata . 



Valleys 



CHAPTER XL SUB^ERIAL DENUDATION AND ITS RESULTS. 



Work of the wind 

 Waste of felspathic rocks 

 Effects of heat and moisture 

 Effects of frost and rain 

 Inundations and glaciers 

 Roches moutonn^es 

 Blocs perches 

 Springs . 

 Excavation of caves 



H3 

 144 



H5 

 146 

 148 

 149 



152 



Excavating action of streams 

 Waterfalls and gorges . 

 Taluses and fans .... 

 Arrangement of materials by 



water 



Rivers with lakes 

 Deposition in lakes 

 Deposits in gulfs and estuaries 

 Rate of subserial denudation 



153 

 155 



157 



159 

 161 

 162 



164 

 165 



