FOSSIL MADREPORARIA. 483 



existing genera: Terbinaria, Rlwdarcea, Alveopora. Thecopsammia 

 dates from the Upper Tertiary. 



Fungida is a group of corals placed by Professor Duncan be- 

 tween the Perforata and the Aporosa, characterised by having pro- 

 cesses termed " synapticulae," which cross the spaces between the 

 septa and cost. It has no Palaeozoic representative. In the Trias 

 the genera are Astroeomorpha and mphalophyllia. Microsolena is 

 Triassic and Jurassic. Thamnastrcea commences in the Trias, and 

 survives till the Middle Tertiary. The Jurassic genera include Epi- 

 streptophyllum, Clausastrcea, Phragmatoseris, Gonioseris, Thamnoserlt, 

 Protoseris, Anabacia, Genabacia, Haplaria, Thamnarcea, Diplarcea, 

 Disarcea, Di?norpharcea, Mycetaroea. Latimceandrarcea is of Corallian. 

 age. Crateroseris is Portlandian. The genera common to the Jurassic 

 and Cretaceous rocks comprise Podoseris, Comoseris, Leptophyllia , 

 Cydoliies. Among Cretaceous genera are Mesomorpha, Dimorphastrcea, 

 titylomoeandrina, Micrabacia, Gyroseris, Placoseris, Asteroseris, Micro- 

 set-is, Episeris, Polyphylloseris. 



Dimorphoccenia is Neocomian, and T iirbinoseris ranges from the 

 Lower Greensand to the Lower Tertiary. Cyathoseris also survives to 

 the Lower Tertiary, and Trochoseris and Cycloseris are Cretaceous 

 genera still living. Among Lower Tertiary types may be mentioned 

 Polyarcea, Pseudastrcea, Pironastrcea, Reussastrcea, Elliptoseris, Zittelo- 

 fungia, and Pratzia. Packyseris and Siderastrcea commence in the 

 Lower Tertiary, and still survive. Diaseris and Agaricia are surviv- 

 ing genera, which date from the Middle Tertiary. 



Aporosa. This great group of the Madreporaria has the hard 

 structures solid and imperforate, and the spaces between the septa arc 

 usually open, but may be closed by plates or tabulae. This group is 

 but poorly represented in the Primary rocks, the only genera (accord- 

 ing to Professor Duncan) being Battersbyia in the Devonian, and 

 Heterophyllia in the Carboniferous limestone. The Trias is charac- 

 terised by Coccophyllum, Iioilocoenia, and Elysastrcea, which range to 

 the Infra Lias. Goniocora and Convexastrcea are common to the Trias 

 and Oolites. Stylina and Adelastrcea extend from the Trias to the 

 Cretaceous. Calamophyllia, Thecosmilia, fsastrcKa, and Latimoeandra 

 range from the Trias to the Tertiary rocks ; and Plerastrcea, Astro- 

 ccenia, and Montlivaltia are Triassic genera, which still exist. Tro- 

 chocyathus survives from the Lias. The genera from the Jurassic 

 rocks include C t/athocoenia, Discocyathus, Eukelia, Dendrohelia, Plesios- 

 milia, Pleurosmilia, Blastosmilia, Axosmilia, Placophyllia, *Donacos- 

 milia, Aplosmilia, /Stiboria, Phyllogyra, Stibastroea, Latipkyllia, 

 Pkytogra, Lepidophyllia, Diplothecastrcea, and Stylohelia. Jurassic 

 genera which range to the Cretaceous rocks include Enallohdia, 

 Prokelia, Latusastrcea, Stylosmilia, Rhipidogyra, Pachygyra, Bary- 

 pkyllia, Placoccenia, and Cyathophora. Diplocoenia ranges from the 

 Oolites to the ISTeocomian. Trochosmilia, Demorphophyllia, and 

 Stylocoenia are genera of the Oolites, which survive till the Tertiary 

 period ; and the following genera from Jurassic rocks are found in 

 existing seas, viz., Cladocora, Euphyllia, Mceandrina, SympHyllia, 



