XH. SOME CONDITIONS AFFECTING INDUSTRIAL 



LIFE 



CHANGES IN MANNER or LIVING 



By means of the labor of men, either with or without the 

 extensive use of machinery, raw material from the mineral, 

 vegetable, and animal kingdoms is made more and more 

 serviceable to mankind. At the same time it becomes more 



FIG. 89. The first railway service in the United States. 



costly. Manufactures as products of man's labor add to the 

 wealth of the nation that manufactures them. More of the 

 necessities of life can be secured in exchange for them. Pass- 

 ing these same articles on from seller to buyer, without any 

 change upon them other than transportation, also adds 

 much to their final cost to the consumer though the goods 

 remain just as when they left the hands of the producer. 

 Transportation facilities by highways, railways, and water- 

 ways directly affect the welfare and prosperity both of the 



281 



