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TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



are most extensive in the provinces of New Brunswick, 

 Quebec, and Ontario, but extend into Labrador and around 

 the southern shores of Hudson Bay to the Alaskan boundary. 



The greatest spruce for- 

 ests in the world are 

 found here, as well as 

 rich areas of white pine 

 and hemlock. The for- 

 ests of Alberta and 

 British Columbia are 

 very much like those al- 

 ready described for the 

 northern Rocky Moun- 

 tains and the Pacific 

 Coast. The giant red- 

 wood is not found here, 

 nor are the other trees as 

 large as some of those 

 found in the western 

 United States, but the 

 forests cover so great an 

 area as to compare favor- 

 ably in productive power 

 with the richest forests 

 of the world. 



368. Lumbering. Un- 

 der this term are included 

 all the operations through 

 which a log goes from the 



FIG. 200. A lookout tower, 75 feet 

 high, on an elevation in a forest. By 

 means of such towers watch is kept over 

 large tracts of forest, and if a fire breaks 

 out it may quickly be located. Photo- 

 graph from the Wisconsin State Con- 



servation Commission. time that a tree is felled 



in the forest until it is in 



final shape for one of the many wood-using industries. A 

 tree is felled j usually by means of a crosscut saw, cut into 

 suitable lengths (generally sixteen feet, although in the West 

 and South they are often sixty or more feet long) ; then 



