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TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



369. Various Uses of Wood. The chief wood products 

 are lumber, firewood, railway ties, posts and poles, mine 

 timber, pulp wood, and tanbark. Lumber makes up about 

 half of the total amount of these products, and firewood 



about one third of the 

 total. About 30 per cent 

 of the lumber is made 

 into finished building ma- 

 terial such as flooring, 

 sash, doors, and siding ; 

 about 2 5 per cent is used 

 as rough lumber; 10 per 

 cent is used in the mak- 

 ing of boxes and crates; 

 5 per cent in the manu- 

 facture of cars ; 3 per 

 cent for furniture ; about 

 7 per cent is exported; 

 and the remainder is used 

 in various other ways. 

 Spruce, poplar, and larch 

 have been most used for 

 wood pulp, but now 

 many other of the softer 

 woods are being used. 

 Oak and hemlock bark 

 and chestnut wood are 

 used in tanning leather ; 

 over a million cords of 

 bark and two hundred 

 thousand tons of wood are used in this way each year. 



370. Wood Distillation. The production of turpentine 

 and rosin has been for many years an important industry in 

 the southern states. Almost 30,000,000 gallons of turpen- 

 tine and more than 3,000,000 barrels of rosin are produced 



FIG. 20 1 . A grove of mature red 

 pines (" Norway " pines) at Trout Lake, 

 Wisconsin. Photograph from the Wis- 

 consin State Conservation Commission. 



