4 I2 TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



greater number of chloroplasts ? Where are the vascular bundles ? 

 How do they compare with the bundles in the stem ? 



8. Where are flowers borne? How many flowers does one plant 

 produce ? Do all the flowers of a plant open at the same time ? 



9. Remove, one by one, the parts of a flower. How many sepals 

 are there? How many petals? How many stamens? What 

 striking peculiarities do you note in the sepals? In the petals? 

 In the arrangement of the stamens? Cut away the sepals and 

 petals from the right or left half of another flower ; draw the re- 

 mainder of the flower as seen from the cut surface. What are the 

 parts of the pistil ? Can you find the ovules (macrospore sacs) ? 

 If so, how many are there ? How are they borne ? Dissect and 

 draw the pistil. 



10. What changes take place in the ovary as it develops into a 

 fruit? What changes take place in other parts of the flower? 

 What is the form of the fruit ? How are the seeds borne inside 

 the fruit? How are they set free? From what did each seed 

 develop? Draw a fruit from which one-half the fruit coat has 

 been removed, allowing the seeds to be seen. 



11. Put some bean seeds into lukewarm water and leave them 

 over night. Examine them the next morning and compare them 

 with unsoaked seeds. On what part of a seed is the scar by which 

 it was attached ? Where is the micropyle ? 



12. Remove the seed coat. Is it composed of more than one 

 layer? All within the seed coat is the embryo. Why is there 

 no endosperm? What is the largest part of the embryo? Why? 



13. Remove one of the seed leaves and find the plumule and the 

 radicle. In what direction is each of these parts turned? How 

 many secondary leaves are borne on the plumule? Draw an em- 

 bryo from which a seed leaf has been removed. 



14. Study the germination of the seed and the development of 

 the seedling, following 7-9 of the laboratory directions for 

 Chapter I. 



15. Make a list of the varieties of beans that you find in culti- 

 vation. Which are pole beans and which bush beans? In what 

 other respects do the varieties differ ? 



16. List the other cultivated and wild plants that you find 

 belonging to the pulse family. 



