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PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY 



soon after ingestion and with violence. The horse is unable to control 

 his motions, plunges about blindly, falls dead, or breaks his neck in falling 

 forward with the head under the body. A pint or two of melted lard 

 poured down the animals throat has proved an effective antidote, but it 

 must be administered before the horse loses control of his limbs. The 

 lard probably acts as a local emollient relieving the burning in the throat 

 and stomach and hence allays the violent reflexes. 



FIG. 40. Clump of white snakeroot (Eupatorium urticaefolium) in yard of vacant 

 house at 4ist and Baltimore Avenue, Philadelphia, October 9, 1919. 



Helenium tenuifolium, the fine-leaved sneeze- weed, is often the 

 cause of bitter milk in the south and in the Gulf states. It is fatal to 

 horses and mules. 



White Snakeroot (Eupatorium urlicaefolium = E. ageratoides}. The 

 plant has perennial roots and varies in height from one to five feet being 

 more or less branched. The leaves are opposite, ovate, slightly cordate 

 with long pedicles, and are strongly 3-ribbed. The margin is sharply 

 and coarsely serrate (Fig. 39). The heads are small but crowded in dense 

 clusters with a number of white florets to each head. The involucre is 

 narrowly bell-shaped consisting of linear, ovate bracts. The achenes are 



