244 



PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY 



gold (Dyssodia papposa), pineapple weed (Matricaria suaveoleiu] and 

 wormwood (Artemisia biennis). Ninety years ago the black-eyed susan 

 (Riidbeckia hirta) nourished from the Alleghany mountains westward, 

 but was unknown in the east. Now since about 1860, it has become an 

 abundant and conspicuous weed in grass fields throughout the eastern 

 states, as far as the Gulf of St. Lawrence, having been accidentally intro- 

 duced in red clover seeds from the western states. The velvet leaf (Abu- 

 tilon Theophrasti] and prince's feather (Polygonum orientale) have been 

 introduced from India. The bur clover came to California from South 



FIG. ioo. Russian thistle (Salso kali var. tenuifolia) as a tumbleweed at Akron, Colorado. 

 (G. E. Nichols, 1913.) 



America. The orange hawk weed** (Hieracium aurantiacum) was grown 

 from imported European seed by the aunt of the botanist, Cyrus G Pringle, 

 in Charlotte, Vermont about 1845. The plant was much admired and sent 

 to friends in Maine, Massachusetts and Vermont, according to Prof. Geo. 

 P. Burns. It was cultivated in some gardens of Maine under the name 

 of tassel-flower, or Venus's paint-brush. It propagates very freely by 

 runners, as well, as by feathery fruits. It is now spread over large areas 

 of Maine and other New England states, in northern Pennsylvania, as 

 at Eaglesmere, where a field of it was noted by the writer in full bloom 

 on June 22, 1905. 



