122 CORNACE^E. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 



1. ARAL I A, L. SPIKENARD. 



Calyx 5-toothed or entire. Petals 5, ovate. Stamens 5. Disk depressed 

 or rarely conical. Ovary 2 to 5-celled : styles free or connate at base, at length 

 divaricate. Fruit laterally compressed, becoming 3 to 5-angled. Perennial 

 herbs or shrubs : leaves alternate, digitate or compound, with serrate leaflets : 

 umbels mostly simple, solitary, racemed or panicled. 



1. A. racemosa, L- Herbaceous: stem widely branched: leaves very 

 large, quiuately or pinnately decompound ; lea/lets cordate-ovate, doubly serrate : 

 umbels very numerous in a large compound panicle. Base of the Rocky 

 Mountains, Dr. James, and from Canada to Georgia. 



2. A. nudicaulis, L. Stem somewhat woody, short, scarcely rising out of 

 the ground, bearing a single long-stalked leaf and a shorter naked scape, with 2 

 to 7 umbels : leaflets oblong-ovate or oval, serrate, 5 on each of the 3 divisions. 

 In the Rocky Mountains, and from Canada to the Southern States. 



2. FAT SI A, Dene. & Planch. 



Woody plant, with very large leaves palmately lobed, and the capitate um- 

 bels in a long raceme. 



1. F. horrida, Benth. & Hook. Stem stout and woody, 6 to 12 feet 

 long, creeping at base, leafy at the summit, and very prickly throughout, 

 making the forests in places almost impassable. Cascade and Coast Ranges, 

 from the Columbia northward, and extending into the Bitter-Root Mountains. 



ORDER 38. CORNACEJE. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 



Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with simple and entire mainly opposite 

 leaves, no stipules, and flowers in cymes or involucrate heads ; petals 

 and stamens 4 and epigynous ; calyx adherent to the 1 to 2-celled ovary, 

 which becomes a 1 to 2-seeded drupe or berry. 



1. COB, WITS, L. DOGWOOD. CORNEL. 



Flowers perfect. Calyx minutely 4-toothed. Petals oblong or ovate, val- 

 vate. Style slender : stigma capitate or truncate. Shrubs or perennial herbs : 

 flowers white or greenish. 



1. C. Canadensis, L. Stems low and simple, 5 to 1 inches high, from a 

 slender creeping trunk: leaves scarcely petioled, the tipper crowded into an 

 apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval : Jlowers greenish, in a head or 

 close cluster, which is surrounded by a large and showi/, 4-leaved, corolla-like, white 

 or rarely pinkish involucre : fruit bright red. Colorado and northward, thence 

 eastward across the continent. 



2. C. Stolonifera, Michx. Shrub 3 to 6 feet high ; branches, especially 

 the osier-like annual shoots, bright red-purple, smooth : leaves ovate, rounded 

 at the base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close straight pubes- 

 cence on both sides, whitish underneath : Jlowers white, in open and fat spreading 

 ci/mes: involucre none: fruit white or lead-color. C. pubescens of Fl. Colorado 

 and King's and Hayden's Reports. Same range as the last. 



