130 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



Heads homogamous or heterogamous, discoid or radiate : flowers not rarely 

 yellow : style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers with stigmatic lines 

 extending either to the naked summit or to a more or less distinct 

 pubescent or hispidulous tip or appendage. 



Anthers not caudate at base : style-branches in hermaphrodite flowers flat- 

 tened and with a distinct (but sometimes very short) terminal appendage : 

 disk-corollas generally yellow : rays of same or different color. 



III. ASTEROIDE^:. 



Anthers caudate : style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers slender, destitute 

 of any terminal appendage, the stigmatic lines extending quite to (or 

 vanishing near) the naked obtuse or truncate summit : leaves alternate : 

 heads in our genera discoid IV. IXULOIDE^. 



Anthers not caudate : style-branches with truncate or variously appendicu- 

 late pubescent or hispid tips : involucre not scarious : receptacle chaffy : 

 pappus various or none, never of fine capillary bristles. 



V. HELIANTHOIDEJE. 



Anthers not caudate : receptacle naked : pappus from chaffy to setiform 

 or none : herbage often punctate with resinous or pellucid dots or glands : 

 otherwise nearly as preceding VI. HELENIOIDE.E. 



Anthers not caudate : receptacle naked or sometimes chaffy : involucre of 

 dry and scarious bracts : style-branches mostly truncate : pappus coroni- 

 form, or of short scales, or none VII. ANTHEMIDE^:. 



Anthers not caudate : receptacle naked : involucre little or not at all im- 

 bricated, not scarious. Pappus of numerous soft-capillary bristles. 



VIII. SENECIONIDE^E. 



Anthers conspicuously caudate, and with elongated appendages at tip: 

 style-branches short or united, destitute of appendage, stigmatic quite 

 to the obtuse summit, mostly smooth and naked : involucre much imbri- 

 cated : receptacle densely setose or fimbrillate, or favose : akenes thick 

 and hard : pappus usually plurisetose. Heads never truly radiate. 



IX. CYNAEOIDE^E. 



Ser. II. LIGULIFLORJE. Corollas all ligulate and flowers hermaphrodite. 

 Receptacle naked or chaffy : anthers not caudate : style-branches filiform, 

 naked, stigmatic only toward the base. Herbage with milky juice. 



X. ClCHOEIACE^E. 



Tribe I. VERNONIACE^E. Corollas tubular, 5-lobed. 



1. Vemonia. Heads several to many-flowered. Involucre of dry or partly herbaceous 

 much imbricated bracts. Receptacle plane, naked. Corolla regularly 5-cleft into 

 narrow lobes. Akenes mostly 10-costate, with truncate apex. Pappus double ; the 

 inner of rigid capillary bristles, outer a series of small scales. 



Tribe II. EtTPATORIACE^. Receptacle in most cases naked. Leaves either 



opposite or alternate. 



# Akenes 5-angled : scales of the involucre mostly lax, from thin-membranaceous to herba- 

 ceous, nerveless or few-nerved, either imbricated or equal and about in one row. 

 2. Eupatorlum. Heads few to many-flowered. Receptacle flat. Pappus wholly of 

 scabrous capillary bristles which are mostly in one row, and indefinitely numerous. 



