140 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



or somewhat double series. Corollas of the disk-flowers with a commonly elongated 

 hirsute tube. Akenes linear, more or less 5 to 10-costate or angled. Pappus a single 

 series of numerous rather rigid capillary bristles, from scabrous to barbellate. Leaves 

 chiefly opposite. 



70. Senecio. Heads heterogamous and radiate, or by the absence of ray homogamous and 



discoid. Corollas yellow. Pappus of soft-capillary and merely scabrous very numer- 

 ous bristles. Leaves alternate. 



Tribe IX. CYNABOIDEvE. Heads homogamous and tubiflorous, the flowers all 

 hermaphrodite, the corolla lobes long and narrow. Leaves alternate, the teeth or mar- 

 gins often prickly. 



71. Cnicus. 1 Involucre of numerous much imbricated and often prickly-tipped bracts. 



Receptacle densely villous-setose. Bristles of the pappus long- and soft-plumose, 

 connate into a ring at base and falling from the akene in connection. Leaves more 

 or less prickly. 



Tribe X. CICHOBIACE^E. Ligule 5-toothed at the truncate apex. Receptacle 

 almost always plane. Herbs, mostly with milky and bitter juice, and alternate leaves. 

 In ours the pappus is always present and the receptacle naked. 



* Pappus chaffy or partly so, or bristle-like, or plumose. 



72. Krigia. Heads several to many-flowered. Bracts of the involucre thin-herbaceous, 



equal. Akenes short-columnar, many-ribbed, terete or somewhat angular, with broad 

 truncate summit. Pappus double; outer of pointless thin scales; inner of delicate 

 naked bristles. Flowers yellow. 



73. Steplianomeria. Heads 5 to 12-flowered, rarely 3 to 20-flowered. Involucre cylin- 



draceous or oblong, of several appressed and equal plane membranaceous bracts and 

 some short calyculate ones, not rarely with 2 or 3 of intermediate length, thus be- 

 coming imbricate. Akenes 5-angled or ribbed, sometimes with intermediate ribs. 

 Pappus a series of plumose bristles, or rarely chaffy awns. Flowers pink or rose 

 color. 



74. Microseris. Heads several to many-flowered, on naked simple scapes or peduncles. 



Corollas mostly with a hairy tube. Akenes 8 to 10-costate, with a basal callosity 

 which is hollowed at the insertion. Pappus simple white ; its bristles or awns naked, 

 with chaffy base, or plumose. Flowtrs yellow. 



* * Pappus of capillary bristles, scabrous, never plumose nor chaffy. 

 i- Akenes not flattened : pappus deciduous, mainly all together, soft and white. 



75. Malacothrix. Involucre many-flowered, either imbricated or only calyculate. Re- 



ceptacle sometimes with or sometimes without delicate capillary bristles interposed 

 among the flowers. Akenes short, oblong or columnar, glabrous, terete and striately 

 5 to 15-costate, or 4 to 5-angled by the prominence of stronger ribs, with broad trun- 

 cate apex having an entire or denticulate border or sharp edge. Pappus a series of 

 soft and scabrous bristles, and commonly 1 to 8 outer and stronger ones which are 

 more persistent and smoother. 



i- Akenes not flattened : pappus persistent, or bristles falling never in connection. 



H- Beak to the akenes none. 



= Flowers yellow. 



76. Hieracium. Involucre several to many-flowered, of narrow equal bracts and some 



short calyculate ones. Akenes oblong or columnar, smooth and glabrous, mostly 10- 

 ribbed or striate, either terete or 4 to 5-angular, commonly of same thickness to the 

 truncate top, but in several species tapering to a narrower summit. Pappus of rather 



1 The following Old-World genus has a naturalized species within our range : 

 Arctium. Involucre globular ; bracts slender-subulate or aristiform and spreading above 

 the broader appressed base, hooked at tip. Receptacle densely setose. Pappus of numer- 

 ous short and rigid or chaffy bristles, separately deciduous. Leaves never prickly. See 

 p. 212. 



