268 SOLANACEJB. (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.) 



3. Physalis. Calyx becoming much enlarged and membranaceous-inflated, completely 



and loosely enclosing the fruit, reticulate-veiny and 5-angled or 10-costate. Corolla 

 rotate or rotate-campanulate, 5-angulate or obscurely 5-lobed. Berry juicy. Pedicels 

 solitary. 



* * Fruit a capsule. 1 



4. Nicotiana. Corolla funnelform or salverfortn. Filaments mostly included. Ovary 



normally 2-celled, with large and thick placentae, bearing very numerous ovules and 

 seeds. The fruit more or less invested by the persistent calyx, septicidal and also 

 usually loculicidal at summit : the valves or teeth becoming 4. 



1. S O L A N U M, Tourn. NIGHTSHADE, etc. 

 Herbs of various habit : flowers cymose, mostly after the scorpioid manner. 



* Fruit naked, i. e. not enclosed in the enlarged calyx : stamens all alike, and 



anthers blunt. 

 H- Tuberiferous perennial, pinnate-leaved. 



1. S. Jamesii, Torr. A span or so in height: leaflets 5 to 9, varying 

 from lanceolate to ovate-oblong, smoothish ; the lowest sometimes much 

 smaller, but no interposed small ones: peduncle cymosely few to several- 

 flowered: corolla white, at length deeply 5-cleft. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 227. 

 Mountains of Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. Very closely allied to 

 S. tuberosum, var. boreale, Gr., of New Mexico and southward, the S. Fendleri 

 of the earlier reports. 



i- - Annuals, simple-leaved, never prickly, but the angles of the stem sometimes 



rough. 



2. S. triflorum, Nutt. Green, slightly hairy or nearly glabrous, low 

 and much spreading : leaves oblong, deeply pinnatijid, Avith wide rounded 

 sinuses ; the lobes 7 to 9, lanceolate, entire, or sometimes 1 or 2-toothed : 

 peduncles lateral, 1 to ^-flowered: pedicels nodding: corolla small, white, a 

 little longer than the 5-parted calyx : berries preen, as large as a small cherry. 

 On the plains from New Mexico to the Saskatchewan, chiefly as a weed in 

 cultivated ground. 



3. S nigrum, L. Low, green and almost glabrous, or the younger 

 parts pubescent : leaves mostly ovate with a cuneate base, irregularly sinuate- 

 toothed, repand, or sometimes entire, acute or acuminate : flowers in small pedun- 



* culate umbel-like lateral cymes: calyx much shorter than the corolla, which 

 is white or bluish : berries usually black when ripe, only as large as peas. 

 Found everywhere, especially in damp or shady ground, and including many 

 varieties. 



* * Fruit enclosed by the close-fitting and horridly prickly calyx and even adher- 



ing to it: stamens and especially the style much declined: anthers tapering 

 upwards, dissimilar ; the lowest one much longer and larger, and with an 



1 The genus Datura, containing several introduced species within our range, may be 

 recognized by its prismatic 5-toothed calyx, funnelform corolla, and prickly mostly 4-celled 

 4-valved capsule. They are rank weeds, with ovate leaves, and large and showy flowers 

 on short peduncles in the forks of the branching stem. Known as " Jamestown Weed " or 

 " Thorn Apple." For species see p. 270, foot-note. 



