102 Immunity 



that this reaction differs from the direct solution of the cor- 

 puscles in -vitro by cobralysin, which was studied by Myers,* 

 and tetanolysin, studied by Madsen,f in that it is inter- 

 mediate, and only brought about by the cooperation of two 

 factors, while the action of the lysins of venom, the tetanus 

 bacillus, the streptococcus, Bacillus pyocyaneus, and other 

 micro-organisms, is direct and immediate. 



Myers found, however, that the hemolytic substance of 

 venom, and Madsen that the hemolytic products of Bacillus 

 tetani, also produce reactions in animals, and that when suc- 

 cessful immunization against them was accomplished, the 

 serums of the experiment animals became antidotal or in- 

 hibiting to the action of the respective lysins. 



Von DungernJ found that by injecting dissociated epithe- 

 lial cells from the trachea of oxen into the peritoneal cavity 

 of guinea-pigs, it was possible to produce epitheliolysins ; 

 Lindemann, that emulsions of kidney substance injected 

 into animals caused them to form nephro-lysins or nephro- 

 toxins; Landsteiner|| and MetschnikofT** in the same manner 

 successfully prepared spermatoxin by injecting the sperma- 

 tozoa of one animal into the peritoneal cavity of another. 

 MetalnikofTft found that if he introduced the spermatozoa of 

 a guinea-pig into the peritoneum of another, the spermo- 

 toxic serum produced was solvent for the spermatozoa of 

 both. Both MetschnikofT and Metalnikoff also found that 

 the spermotoxin when introduced into animals was active 

 in producing anti-spermotoxin by which the destructive 

 action of the serum upon spermatozoa could be inhibited. 



Metschnikoffjt and Funck found that animals treated 

 with emulsions of the spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes 

 of one kind of animal, produced sera whose action was agglu- 

 tinative and solvent for leukocytes and lymph cells. Dele- 

 zene|| || found that dissociated liver cells injected into animals 

 similarly caused the formation of a cytoxic serum whose 

 specific destructive action was upon them. 



* " Trans. Path. Soc. of London," u. 



f "Zeitschr. f. Hyg.," 1899, xxxm, p. 239. 



J " Miinchener me.d. Wochenschrift," 1899. 



" Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1900. 



|| " Centralbl. f. Bakt.," etc., 1899, xxv - 

 ** " Ann. deJ'Inst. Pasteur," 1899. 

 ft Ibid., 1900. ft Ibid., 1899. 



"Centralbl. f. Bakt.," etc., xxvn, 1900. 

 Jill " Compterendudel'Acad. des Sciences, "1900, cxxx, pp. 938, 1488. 



