146 



Immunity 



lysis, etc., being used as specific terms. Delezene* first 

 produced a leukolytic or leukocyte-destroying serum by 

 treating animals with the leukocytes of a heterogeneous 

 species; Metalnikoff,f by injecting the spermatozoa of one 

 animal into another of another species, produced a sper- 

 mo toxic or spermolytic serum; von DungernJ produced a 

 serum capable of dissolving the ciliated epithelium scraped 

 from the trachea of an ox by injecting the dissociated epi- 

 thelial cells into an animal; Delezene found that by 

 injecting an animal with the dissociated liver cells of a 

 heterogeneous animal, a hepatolytic serum could be pro- 

 duced, and so grew up a large literature upon cy to toxins. 



The technic of these investigators is not difficult. It is, however, 

 first necessary to prepare a homogeneous tissue pulp for injection into 

 the animal that is to furnish immune serum. For this purpose one of 

 the best forms of apparatus is that of Latapie. || After the pulp is made, 



Fig. 1 8. Latapie' s instrument for preparing tissue pulp. 



it is introduced into the animal in the same manner as the blood for 

 making the hemolytic serum, the animal bled appropriately, the serum 

 separated and filtered. The remaining steps do not differ essentially. 

 The tissue suspension, having about the same concentration as the 5 

 per cent. NaCl suspensions of the corpuscles, is used as the constant 

 quantity and the immune serum used as the variable quantity. The 

 two are brought into contact in small test-tubes, kept for twenty-four 



* "Compt. rendu de 1'Acad. de Sciences de Paris," 1900. 

 t "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1899. 

 t "Miinchener med. Wochenschrift," 1899. 



"Compt. rendu de 1'Acad. de Sciences de Paris," 1900, cxxx, pp. 

 938 and 1488. 



|| "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1902, xvi, p. 947. 



