49 



bases ! OnioJis, of all colors ; Radish, pure crimson ; Mede- 

 ola, Indian Cucumber-root, white; Coptis, Goldthread, 

 bright yellow, etc., etc. 



Likewise many petals show color in their earliest stages, 

 especially such as are well protected with sepals, as the Red 

 Rhododendron, etc., without any development of chlorophyl. 



DOUBLE FLOWERS. 



Whenever stamens change to petals as in doul)lc flowers, 

 whatever the color of the anther previously, the new growth 

 caused by the unrolling of the anther and tilament which 

 may be of different colors, innnediately takes a new de- 

 parture in color. Frequently a i)art of the original anther 

 with its original color will remain attached to the incipient 

 petal, as a blue anther cohering to a crimson })etal in Tulips. 

 The prominent green stamens of Nigella Dainascena change 

 directly to a clear blue color, etc., etc. 



Why does the color change so completely unless there be 

 special needs for special organs? 



Double, so called, English Anemone, has a tuft of green 

 leaves in the centre of the flower, why do these turn white 

 like the petals when they get their growth, or similar leaves 

 of pink flowering Almond change to pink, or l)oth leaves 

 and stamens of white Spirtea become white? 



PIGMENTS. 



Yellow, green or orange pigments are found in variously 

 formed granules in the cells of the tissue: blue, violet, and 

 rose-red are dissolved in the cell sap. Chlorophyl, con- 

 tained in the green granule, can l)c abstracted by the use 

 of alcohol, and by other chemicals separated into two sub- 

 stances, one of a bluish-green color, and the other a yellow 

 which has been termed Xanthophyl. There is also another 

 yellow substance found in the green parts of plants known 

 as etiolin. Xanthophyl and etiolin may be derivatives of 



