71 



niiirkings ;irc on the upper petals, for the reason that the 

 stamens on that side are shorter and detiexed, also for the 

 reason that the nectary which the insects themselves have 

 made are on that side, and chiefly because the insect alifjhts 

 there. 



In Weif/elia rosea, Gladiolus, orchids, etc., the marks 

 are on the lower side of the tube or lip, as being the more 

 natural resting place, when the stamens do not interfere, if 

 the flowers are declined or horizontally disposed. 



Upright flowers, as tulips and poppies, have similar 

 markings on each petal, as the insects have equal access 

 from any point. 



When the petals are rather narrow as in Freezia and 

 some orchids, the markings extend over to the adjoining 

 petals on each side, probably because the spread of the 

 visiting insects' wings comes in contact with these side 

 petals, or the insect does not confine, himself to narrow 

 limits ; in Rhododendron, the corolla being gamopetalous, 

 the numerous dots extend over three lobes. 



In addition to the exam[)les noted of honey guides or 

 special markings, are Melampyrum, Calo})ogon, Pogonia, 

 Lysimachia, Aesculus, Kibes aurea, Oxalis, Gloxinea, 

 Apocynum, Veronica, Coreopsis, Hibiscus, Gossypium, 

 Calochortis, Digitalis, Cladrastis, Laburnum, C'atalpa, Cy- 

 clamen, Baptisia, French Marygold, etc. 



Generally speaking, special markings like those described 

 above, indicate that the flower has changed color. The 

 markings are usually relics of the previous color of the 

 flower, but not always so, as they are often modified l)y the 

 new pigment, and sometimes their hue is completely 

 changed. In a comparativel}' few instances the markings 

 appear to be recent. They are always the result of actual 

 contact with the insects at these precise spots. 



A few writers have noted the fact, without any explana- 

 tion, however, that night blooming flowers have no honey 

 guides or other special markings. 



