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animals either. The same may he said of the stems. 

 Green hrier and sassafras are green, cornus and vihurnum 

 red, grape vine hrown, blackherry claret color, st)me l)irches 

 snow white, certain willows yellow, a host of shrubs gray, 

 a few goldenrod and adiantum stems black. 



We are not aware of such a diversity of grazing animals 

 t)f individual tastes as would be sufficient to meet the re- 

 quirements of the infinite variety of hues displayed in stems 

 and foliage. Donkeys and goats do not run wild in New 

 England, and rabbits, deer, bears and bison are not {\?sthetic 

 in their tastes. Nor do we believe that there exists a suffi- 

 cient number of burrowing and rooting animals (earth 

 worms are said to be eyeless) to account for the numberless 

 varieties of tint in roots, bulbs, etc. 



The common garden radish is of a pure red, carrots 

 orange color, parsnips pale yellow, beets dark red-purple, 

 turnips, some white with purple tops, others yellow Avith 

 purple bases, onions run from a porcelain white through 

 every color to purple or blue, and the whole range of color 

 is also found in the roots of our native wild plants. 



9. If blue flowers are especially attractive to "azure- 

 loving bees," one might naturally expect in view of the 

 numerous species of Apidoi, that blue would be the pervad- 

 ing color, or at least a very prominent one, but it is a well 

 known fact that l)lue flowers are comparatively rare. I do 

 not recall any tree or shrul) in New England l>earing a blue 

 flower. Moreover, it is obvious that many blue flowers are 

 wholly inde})endent of bees. We have already alluded to 

 Larkspur as not being adapted to bees on account of its 

 long spur. The widespread blue flower of Clematis, Jack- 

 manni, is not nectariferous, and is only occasionally visited 

 for its pollen, while several other species of Clematis of a 

 blue color, have tubes so long and narrow that both bumble 

 and honey bees are excluded from the honey, unless they 

 bite holes from the outside, as C. lubulom, C. Uavidicma, 

 etc. These flowers of our gardens are exotics, but it is 



