33 



our trees, shrubs, etc., had changed color up to that time, 

 especially so if one includes the numerous cultivated species. 



The following is a partial list of plants continuing green 

 until the frosts of Oct. 16-20 : Oaks, nine species, poplars, 

 three native and three cultivated, willows, many species, 

 black walnut, butternut, Ijuttonwood (Platanus occidentalis 

 and P. orientalis), beech, chestnut, locust (liobinia Pseud- 

 acacia), honey locust (Gleditschia), wild cherry (P. sero- 

 tina), English elm, slippery elm, Dutch elm, English oak, 

 linden, horse chestnut, white birch mostly green, mulberry, 

 beach plum, elderberry, privet, osage orange, buckthorn, 

 white thorn, Norway maple. Sycamore maple, white maple, 

 black alder (Alnus), winterberry (Ilex), magnolia, catalpa, 

 sophora, etc. : many garden shrubs : althiva, Cornelian 

 cherry, laburnum, wistaria, Forsythia, pyrus Jai)onica, 

 lonicera, hydrangea paniculata, clematis, deutzia, spiraea, 

 ampelopsis Veitchii (the most of these vines green), phila- 

 delphus, bittersweet (Celastrus), weigelia, bignonia ; fruit 

 trees : apple, pear, cherry, etc. 



Some of this list scarcely change color, as mulberry and 

 catalpa, others being semi-evergreens, change only to dull 

 or sober hues. 



Immediately after the frosts of October the foliage of the 

 trees which had previously changed color became less bril- 

 liant, the yellows being somewhat browned, the reds dulled 

 and many trees defoliated. The remaining foliage was 

 nevertheless still beautiful, though more quiet and subdued. 



The succeeding frosty nights, which were followed by 

 warm days, were, however, rapidly bringing new beauties 

 into evidence. Special observations were made just before 

 and after the frosts on certain prominent, vigorous trees 

 and vines which had retained their verdure until then : 



The green leaves of the terminal runners of Ampelopsis 

 Veitchii on the north side of the church before mentioned, 

 were found two days later to have changed to red ; at the 

 same time the green clad western side of another church 



