INTRODUCTION 



divided into ekovo/xa Kal dypovofia on the one hand 

 and Toi evSov Tp€<f>6fj.eva on the other) ; Carnivorous 

 (w/jto^aya) and Vegetarian (vXotftdya^ ; 6\Lyo<f>dya and 

 TroX.v<f>dya ; Kafyirocfxiya and Trorjcfxiya ; oAtyoTTora and 

 TToAvTrdra ; and what suggests more than superficial 

 observation, vokvaifia, avaifj-a, oXiyaifxa. 



The real founder of scientific Zoology is Aristotle 

 (385 4—322 1 b,c.), and for more than eighteen cen- 

 turies writers on Natural History hardly did more 

 than copy or translate his works or comment upon 

 them. We know but little of his predecessors in 

 this field, as Aristotle is not prone to base his state- 

 ments u}X)n authority. In his History of Animals 

 {al —epl TO. (<Za l(TTopiaC) the writers referred to are 

 Aeschylus,** Alcmaeon * of Croton, Ctesias * of Cnidus, 

 Democritus,** Diogenes * of Apollonia, Herodorus ■^ of 

 Heracleia, Herodotus,^ Homer,'' Musaeus,* Polvbus ' 

 son-in-law of Hippocrates, Simonides * of Ceos, 

 Syennesis ' of Cyprus. But in any case, so far as 

 scientific Zoology is concerned, the opinion of Cuvier 

 is probably not far from the truth : " Je ne pense 

 pas au reste qu'il ait fait grand tort aux ichtyologistes 

 qui I'ont precede, s'il y en a eu avant lui ; ceux des 

 fragraens conserves par Athenee que Ton pourrait 



* 633 a 19. 



" 492 a 14; 581 a 16. 



'■ 501 a 25; 523 a 26; 606 a 8, 



* 623 a 32. 



' 511b 30; 512 b 12. 

 ' 563a 7; 615 a 9. 

 » 523 a 17; 579 b 2. 



* 513 b 27 ; 519 a 18 ; 574 b 34 ; 575 b 5 ; 578 b 1 ; 597 a 6 ; 

 606 a 20 ; 615 b 9 ; 618 b 25 ; 629 b 22. 



< 563 a 18. i 512 b 13. 



* 542 b 7. ' 511b 23; 512 b 12. 



XXV 



