/-reAjkJX-^ 



INTRODUCTION 



first by Julius Vestinus and then by Diogenianus of 

 Heracleia — the work of the latter being the basis of 

 the extant lexicon of Hesyehius. The zoological 

 matter in Pamphilus was utilized by Aelian, Athe- 

 naeus, etc. ; cf. M. Wellmann, Hermes 51 (1916). 

 Plutarch of Chaeroneia (circ. a.d. 46-120) wrote De 

 sollertia ammaliiim (IIoTe/oa rwv ^wtav (fypovi/JLCjTepa, ra 

 ■)(^ep(raia t) tu evvSpa) and Bruia ratione uli (Ile/at tov ra 

 aAoya Aoyw ^prjcrdai^. 



More or less contemporary with Oppian {i.e., the 

 author of the Halieidica) was Julius Polydeuces 

 (Pollux) of Naucratis in Egypt, whose extant 'Oi'o/xa- 

 cTTtKov (ten books), dedicated to Commodus, Emperor 

 180-1 92, contains a good deal of zoological informa- 

 tion. Somewhat later Claudius Aelianus of Praeneste 

 {circ. A.D. 170-235) wrote De natura animalium (Xltpi 

 ^uKoi) in seventeen books and Varia hi.<storia {UoikiXij 

 IcTTopia) in fourteen books. Lastly we may mention 

 here, although we know on his own authority that 

 he was a little later than the author of the Halieutica 

 (Athen. 13 b tov oAtyw Trpio ■t^fx.wv yevopevov 'Ott— lai'ov 

 TOV KiAiK-a), Athenaeus of Naucratis, whose Aet-vo- 

 a-o<f>L(TTat, in fifteen books, contains an immense 

 amount of undigested information. His zoological 

 information is probably largely based on the Lexicon 

 of Pamphilus and thus indirectly on Alexander of 

 Myndos. 



M. Wellmann, who has discussed the sources of 

 Aelian, Oppian, etc., in a series of articles in 

 Hermes (23 [1888], 26 [1891 ], 27 [1892], 30 [1895], 

 51 [191 6]) regards Leonidas of Byzantium and 

 Alexander of Myndos as the chief sources of the 

 Halieutica. The close agreement in many passages 

 of Aelian and Oppian he attributes to the use of ^ 



xxxi 



