INTRODUCTION 



seems to be proved by the fact that there is the 

 longest interval when it is not caught. And that 

 the fishes hide in summer seems to be indicated by 

 the fact that catches are made only at the rising <* of 

 the constellations, particularly at the rising of the 

 Dog-star ; for at that time the sea is turned up, a 

 thing which is very Avell known in the Bosporus. 

 For the mud comes to the top and the fishes are 

 brought up. It is said too that often when tha sea- 

 bottom is dredged, more fish are caught by the 

 second haul than by the first ; and after heavy rains 

 many creatures become visible which previously 

 were not seen at all or only infrequently." Cf. 

 Oppian, H. \. 151. See below. (6) A. 620 b 29 

 Kadafifxi^ox-o-L 8' kavTO. Koi ovos K'ai fSdros koI xf/rjTTa KUt 

 pivrj, KOL oTttv —oii'jcnj eaiTo. aSvyAa, eiTa paf38ev€Tai rots 

 (V Tw (JTOfxaTL a KaXovo'ti' ot aAi€is pafSSia' ■7rpo(Tkp\0VTai 

 8 ws 7r/305 (f)VKia d(f> wv Tpe</)OVTaf. It mav be noted 

 that the oj'os is absent in the rendering of this passage 

 in Pliny ix. 144 simili modo squatina \^ = pn'T], cf. Plin. 

 xxxii. 150 rhine quern squatum vocamus] et rhombus 

 [ = ^'i]TTa] abditi pinnas exsertas movent specie 

 vermiculonim, item quae vocantur raiae [ = f^droi]. 



Other references to the ovo? are Athen. Sloe oi-os 

 Kai ovtOTKOs. "oi'o?, <f>'q(rlv ' ApuTTOTeX^p ev tw Trepl ^iolkwv, 

 €T^ei (TTopa dveppwyo^ o/ioiu)^ tols yaXeois' Kal ov 

 (TvvayeXacrrLKO^. koi povos ovros Ix^vwv W/v Kap8iai' iv 

 •nj KoiAta 6X€t Kal iv tw €yK€<f)d\(o \i6oi'<; €/J.(f>€p€i<i 

 pvXati. (fiixiXfvei T€ povos ei' rats i-tto Kvva d^ppoTdTai<s 

 rfpipaa, TMV ciAAwv rais xeipepioyrdrais <^wAci'ovTa)v. 



" As the Editor has elsewhere shown, references to a star 

 as indicating the time of year are (unless the context very 

 definitely — not merely implies — but explicitly asserts the 

 opposite) always to the rising (heliacal) of a star. 



Ixiii 



