INTRODUCTION 



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3. The Latin asellus represents oi'o?. Ovid, Hal. 

 131 Et tam defomii non dignus nomine asellus; 

 Plin. xxxii. 145 peculiares autem maris . . . asellus. 

 See below for Plin. ix. 58. 



Callarias. — Oppian, //. i. 105 mentions KaXXapiai 

 along with the 6vlcrKo<i, where incidentally it may be 

 noted that the schol. has ovia-Kmv duSapim' (ya8a/otwv .^). 

 We have seen above that Archestratus ap. Athen, 

 Sl6 a equates oi'os with KaAAaptas. Cf. Athen. 118 c 

 Kaddmp KaX rhv ^eXXapCrjV Kal yap tovtov eva ovra 

 i^^^vv TToAXtov ovo/iao'taiv T(TV\rjKevai.' Kakeurdai yap 

 Kal f3dK\ov' Kal ovutkov Kal xe\Xupn]v ; Hesych. 

 *. yaXaptas' l\6vs 6 oi'iko^, and Hesvch. s. yaXiac ot 

 oi'UTKOi ; Hesych. s. Aa^iw^s* \apaSpias' KaXapia^ i^^v?; 

 Pliny ix. 6l postea praecipuam auctoritatem fuisse 

 lupo et asellis Nejws Gjmelius et Laberius poeta 

 miraorura tradidere . . . asellorum duo genera collyri 

 [=callariae] minores et bacchi, qui non nisi in alto 

 capiuntur, ideo praelati prioribus ; Plin. xxxii. 146 

 collyris, asellorum generis, ni minor esset. Plin. 

 xxxii. 145 mentions bacchus among the '' peculiares 

 maris." 



The generally accepted opinion is that those fishes 

 are Gadidae or members of the Cod-family. A 

 difficulty is suggested by Athen, 306 e where dis- 

 cussing the Grey Mullets he savs KaTaBe&rrepoi. Sk 

 vavTiov 01 ^iXXQi'is ot XeyufxevoL ^olkxou The ovos 

 is traditionally identified with the Hake (Gadus 

 merluccius L., Merhicciiis vulgaris Cuv.), cf. Ital. 

 asinello, Gr. ya8os. A. 620 b 29 (quoted above) 

 would seem to imply that the oi'o? has some sort 

 of oral appendages which it employs in catching 

 smaller fishes. The Hake has nothing of the sort, 

 not even barbels (which the Fork-beard Hake, 



e Ixv 



