INTRODUCTION 



Ael. vi. 30 Sciptoi' 81 IititoXq <^<i>A€i'ei /xoros [6 ovos], 

 Twv aXAiui' €1' Tai^ Kpi'inoStcTTaTaLi <fxi}k(i€ii' €Wi(r/J,(i'0}i' ; 

 Ael. ix. 38 dpid/ioiTo 8' av iv tovtoi^ [i.e. among fishes 

 which hide in summer] koI 6 oros' SeooiKe 8( ndXurTo. 

 i^dviDv T>)i' Tov ^(iptov €TriToXr]i' oi'To?. For the con- 

 vulsion of the sea at the rising of the Dog-star cf. 

 Plin. ii. 107 caniculae exortu accendi solis va pores 

 quis ignorat ? cuius sideris effectus amplissimi in 

 terra sentiuntur : fervent maria exoriente eo. And 

 for the association of weather phenomena with the 

 Rising and Setting of certain stars cf. Plin. ii. 105 

 ut solis ergo natura temperando intelligitur anno, 

 sic reliquorum quoque siderum propria est quibusque 

 vis et ad suam cuique naturam fertilis. Alia sunt in 

 liquorem soluti umoris fecunda, alia concreti in 

 pruinas aut coacti in nives aut glaciati in grandines, 

 alia flatus, alia tejxjris, alia vaporis, alia roris, alia 

 rigoris. . . . Nee meantium modo siderum [i.e. 

 Planets] haec vis est sed multorum etiam adhaeren- 

 tium caelo [t.e. Fixed Stars]. 



Cetus : Phalaena : Physalus 



KvJTca is used in Oppian, C. \. 1\, H. i. 360, v. 46 

 to denote the larger sea-beasts generally, including 

 not only the Cetaceans (Whales and Dolphins) but 

 also Selachians {cf. H. v. QS where voct^l kvi-cuv 

 implies that the Dog-fish are included among the 

 Brjp€s V7r€p(f)v€€i = K/Jrea). Cf. Strabo 24 rots /xec^oa-i 

 Twv ^wwv otoi' 8eX(f)iv(ov Kal Kvvtav Kal dXXwv KrjruySiov. 

 But in H. V. 7 1 S- the singular k^to^ seems to 

 indicate a definite animal, and the indications point 

 to the Cachalot or Sperm Whale, Fhyseter macro- 

 cephalus, the only large Whale jwssessing teeth 



Ixvii 



