HALIEUTICA, I. 103-108 



of the sea ; to A^it, the Skate " and the monster tribes 

 of the 0»ray * and the terrible Sting-ray,*^ and the 

 Cramp-fish ** truly named/ the Turbot ^ and the 

 Callarias,^ the Red Mullet* and the works of the 

 Oniscus,' and the Horse-mackerel ^ and the Scepanus* 

 and whatsoever else feeds in mud. 



On the weedy beach under the green grasses feeds 

 the Maenis ' and the Goat-fish "• and the Atherine," 



■' Schol. (Talipot* (Toi'ptSes. If craOpoi differs from rpaxovpos 

 V. 99, ill. 400— thej- are identified Xenocr. Aliment, c. 7 but 

 distinguished Galen, Aliment, fac. iii. 30-31 — it may be 

 Caranx suareug which differs little from Trachurus trachurus. 

 It is known in M.G. as aavpidi Kwrryos or kokkclXi (Apost. 

 p. U) ; rf. A. 610 b 3, Athen. 309 f, 33-2 c-e, Hesych. s. 

 ffavpa. Marc. S. 33, Plin. xxxii. 89 sauri piscis marini (cf. 

 ibid, lol), but in Latin usually lacertits, Plin. xxxii. 14JB, 

 Stat. .S. iv. 9. 13, Mart. x. 48. 11, etc. From Athen. 305 c 

 it seems that the kLx^t] was also called cravpoi. 



' Schol. (TKtTravoL' Koiravoi. A species of Tunny : " Thynnus 

 bracht/pterus, vulg. SpKvvos et Ko-ravos dans le golfe de Volo 

 (Sinus Pagasaeus)," Apost. p. 14; cf. Hesych. *. ffKeirivos; 

 Athen. 322 e ffKetrivos' tovtov iwi^ixovevuv Supiuv . . , KaXfiaOai 

 ifyqaiv ainbv aTrayeivov. 



' H. ui, 188 n. 



"• The male Maenis in the breeding season : A. 607 b 9 

 Kvovaa fiiy oiv dyaOr] /laivis' . . . ffvfx^alvei d' apxofuivqi 

 KviffKfffdai Ti)s drfKeias toi-j dppevas fifKav rb xP^f-"- i^cx*"' '^''' 

 roiKiKdijTtpov Kai (payuv xf'pt<'"''Oi'S tivai' KaXelrai 8' iir' (vluv 

 Tpdyoi irepi tovtov top xP^*"*"- t'/. Athen. 328 c, 356 b, Ael. 

 xii. 28, Marc S. 23 Tpayi<TKos, Ov. Hal. 112, Plin. xxxii. 

 152. 



• Atherina hepsetus, M.G. iffepl^a (Apost. p. 21) ; ef. 

 A. 570b 15, 571 a 6, 610b 6, Athen. 285 a, 329 a. "The 

 Atherines are littoral fishes, living in large shoals. . . . 

 They rarely exceed a length of six inches, but are never- 

 theless esteemed as food. . . , The young, for some time 

 after they are hatched, cling together in dense masses and 

 in numbers almost incredible. The inhabitants of the 

 Mediterranean coast of France call these newly hatched 

 Atherines * Nonnat ' (unborn)," Giinther, p. 500. 



211 



