PARTS OF ANIMALS 



the structure or character of the object defined. 

 (Note here the application of the term logos to the 

 Final and Formal Causes, recorded in the foregoing 

 note.) Another common meaning is seen especially 

 in the use of the dative λόγω (c/". the verb λογίζομαι 

 and its noun) — by reasoning, in thought, as opposed to 

 fact or action. (See 640 a 32, Art is the λόγο? του 

 epyov 6 avev tvJs νλη^ ', at 6i6 b 2 we read of the 

 λόγο? of a process of formation such as building, and 

 the λόγο? of the house which is built ; at 678 a 35 

 of the λόγο? which defines the essence of something, 

 and at 695 b 19 of " the λόγο? of the essence." At 

 639 b 15 the " Cause for the sake of Avhich " — the 

 Final Cause — is described as being a λόγο?.) 



Feveat?, " formation," or " process of formation." 

 Γίγνεσθαι, " to be formed," " to go through a process 

 of formation." 



These are the translations which I normally use, 

 as more appropriate in a biological treatise than 

 " coming into being," and the like. 



The process of formation is of course closely con- 

 nected in Aristotle's thought with the doctrine of the 

 Four Causes. 



Feieat? is a process which, at any rate in biology, 

 results in the production of an actual object, a hving 

 creature. 



Γίΐ-εσι? is also contrasted Λvith οι'σί'α and φόσι?" : the 

 order of things, Λνε are told, in the process of formation 

 is the reverse of the oi'der in reality. For example, 

 the bricks and mortar exist for the sake of the house 



" Care should be taken not to regard φΰσι.5 as meaning 

 " the process of φνΐοθαι." 



Β 27 



