PARTS OF ANIMALS 



the material of compound bodies : all the " other 

 differences," he says, are consequent upon these. 



The original meaning underlying this usage of the 

 term seems to have been " strong substance of a 

 particular character." This would be very appro- 

 priate to TO 8ρίμν, TO TTLKpov, etc. (see Uepl άρ\αίης 

 ϊητρικψ). There is no notion here of the substance 

 having poAver in the sense of power to affect an 

 external body in a particular way. (This meaning 

 developed later.) If any effect did result, it would 

 be described simply as the presence of the strong 

 substance, and the remedy for it Avas to " concoct " 

 the strong substance or otherAvise to bring it into 

 a harmless condition by " blending " it with other 

 substances. 



(2) As each of the substances known as δυνά /xeis 

 has its own peculiar character, sharply marked off 

 from the others, the meaning of " peculiar and dis- 

 tinctive character " Avas naturally associated with the 

 term. This seems to be its meaning in 655 b 12 : 

 ίζ άΐ'αγκΊ]^ 8e ταύτα τταΐ'τα -γΐώδη καΐ στΐρίαν €χ^α την 

 φνσιν οττλον yap α{'τ>^ Ενναμις. Indeed, in this mean- 

 ing, δυνα/^ΐί seems to be a slightly more emphatic 

 version of φνα-α, with which it is often used in con- 

 junction (in Hippocrates, for instance), or in a parallel 

 way as in the passage just cited. Compare also 

 651 b 21, where the marroAV is asserted to be α!'/χατ05 

 Tts φνσίζ, not, as some suppose, x/ys yovijs σ-π€ρματικη 

 Svi'apAs. Other instances of this use of δι'ΐ'α/ζι§ will 

 be found in De partibus. 



(3) From this usage it is not far to the idiomatic, 

 pleonastic usage, e.g. : 



678 a 13 i) tmv ίντίρων δυνα /Ats almost = τα evTepa. 

 682 h 15 ή των πτερών δύναμίζ. 



31 



