PARTS OF ANIMALS 



the structure or character of the object defined. 

 (Note here the application of the term logos to the 

 Final and Formal Causes, recorded in the foregoing 

 note.) Another common meaning is seen especially 

 in the use of the dative Aoyw {cf. the verb XoyL^n/xai 

 and its noun) — bi/ reasoning, in thought, as opposed to 

 fact or action, (See 640 a 32, Art is the Aoyos rov 

 epyov 6 avev rrjs vX')]S ', at 64^6 b 2 we read of the 

 Aoyos of a process of formation such as building, and 

 the Aoyo9 of the house which is built ; at 678 a 35 

 of the Aoyos which defines the essence of something, 

 and at 695 b 19 of " the Aoyos of the essence." At 

 639 b 15 the " Cause for the sake of which " — the 

 Final Cause — is described as being a Aoyos.) 



Fei/ecrts, " formation," or " process of formation." 

 T ly veaOaL, " to be formed," " to go through a process 

 of formation." 



These are the translations which I normally use, 

 as more appropriate in a biological treatise than 

 " coming into being," and the like. 



The process of formation is of course closely con- 

 nected in Aristotle's thought with the doctrine of the 

 Four Causes. 



Fei-ecrts is a process which, at any rate in biology, 

 results in the production of an actual object, a living 

 creature. 



Fo'ecris is also contrasted with ova-La and (^vo-ts" : the 

 order of things, we are told, in the process of formation 

 is the reverse of the order in reality. For example, 

 the bricks and mortar exist for the sake of the house 



" Care should be taken not to regard 0uatj as meaning 

 " the process of ^u'ea^ai." 



B 27, 



