PARTS OF ANIMALS 



the material of compound bodies : all the " other 

 differences," he says, are consequent upon these. 



The original meaning underlying this usage of the 

 term seems to have been " strong substance of a 

 particular character." This would be very appro- 

 priate to TO SpLfxv, TO TTiKpov, ctc. (scc Uepl dp)(^aLr]S 

 h]TpLKris). There is no notion here of the substance 

 kavi?ig power in the sense of power to affect an 

 external body in a particular way. (This meaning 

 developed later.) If any effect did result, it would 

 be described simply as the presence of the strong 

 substance, and the remedy for it was to " concoct " 

 the strong substance or otherwise to bring it into 

 a harmless condition by " blending " it with other 

 substances. 



(2) As each of the substances known as Sui/a/xei? 

 has its own peculiar character, sharply marked off 

 from the others, the meaning of " peculiar and dis- 

 tinctive character " was naturally associated with the 

 term. This seems to be its meaning in 655 b 12 : 

 e^ di'dyKrjs 8e ravra iravra yecoSr) koL a-repedv e;)(et r7)x/ 

 (j)vcriV ottXov yap avrr] 8vvap.ts. Indeed, in this mean- 

 ing, Svvaixis seems to be a slightly more emphatic 

 version of cfivcri^, with which it is often used in con- 

 junction (in Hippocrates, for instance), or in a parallel 

 May as in the passage just cited. Compare also 

 651 b 21, where the marrow is asserted to be aJ'/xards 

 Tis cjivcTL's, not, as some suppose, r^js yovrjs onvepiiaTiKr] 

 Svvaiiis. Other instances of this use of St'i^a/xis will 

 be found in De partibiis. 



(3) From this usage it is not far to the idiomatic, 

 pleonastic usage, e.g. : 



678 a 13 7; TO)V €vrepoiv Syvajxts almost = Ta evrepa. 

 682 h 15 rj TWV TTTipUJV BvvajMLS, 



3.1 



