ARISTOTLE 



641 b ^ 



x6^TO£ GcofMaTOs. o.px^ oipoL Kal TTOiriTiKov rod ef 

 30 avTOV TO (l^ ov t6)^ GTrepfia. (jivuei yap ravra' 

 (f)V€Tai, yovv €K tovtov. dAAa fjurjv 'in rovrov 

 TTporepov ro ov to oirlpixa' yeveois jnev yap to 

 onepfxa, ovoca Se to reXos. dfX(f)OLV 8* en irpo- 

 T€pov, dcf)* ov iorl to CTrep/xa. eom yap to 

 OTripixa St;^a>s', e^ ov t€ Kal ov- Kal yap dcf)* od 

 35 aTTrjXOe, tovtov OTreppia, olov lttttov, Kal tovtov 

 o euTat i^ avTov, otov opecos, Tpoirov 8* ov tov 

 avTOVy aXX eKaTepov tov elprjfievov. eVt 8e SvvdfJLei 



642 a TO GTrepfxa' hvvapus 8' co? e;^et irpos ivTeXdx^f-OLV 



LGfJuev. 



Etotv dpa 8u' atTtat avTai, to 6^ ov ev€Ka Kal 

 TO cf dvdyKTjs' TToXXd yap yiveTai, otl dvayK-q. 

 LGOJS 8' dv TL5 dTropr]G€Le TToiav XeyovGiv dvdyK-qv 

 6 ol XiyovTe? i^ dvdyKrjs- tcov [xev yap Svo TpoTTOiv 

 ovSeTepov otov 9^ vrrdpx^iv tcov SiajpLGfievcov ev toI? 

 Kara ^iXoGo^iav. €gtl 8' ev ye toIs exovgl yeveoLV 

 7) rpLTT]' Xeyofxev yap Tr]v Tpo(j)r]v dvayKalov tl KaT 

 ovheTepov tovtojv tcov Tponajv, dAA' otl ovx olov t 

 dvev TavTrjs elvai. tovto S' ioTLV ojOTrep e^ vtto- 

 10 Oiaecjs' woTTep yap irrel 8et cp^t^etv tco TreXeKet, 

 dvayKT] GKXrjpov etvai, el he GKXrjpov, ;)(aA/<ouv ^ 



^ <i$ ov ro> supplevi, 2 secutus. 



«» There is a reference here, which is not apparent in the 

 English version, to the etymological connexion between ^uats 

 (nature) and 4>v€odai (to grow). Cf. Met. 1014 b 16 ff. 



^ Viz. actuality is prior to potentiality. 



* These treatises are referred to again in the Politics 

 (1282 b 19) and in the Eudemian Ethics (1217 b 23). The 

 two modes of necessity seem to be (1) " absolute " necessity 

 (mentioned here), and (2) " coercive " necessity (see Met, 

 74 



