ARISTOTLE 



648 a ^ 



af/xa* Sto Kal jU-eAirrat Kal d'AAa rotavra ^wa (jipo- 



VLjJLcorepa ttjv (I>vglv iurlv ivaLjJLOJV ttoXXojv, Kal rcov 



evo-ifxajv to, ijjvxpov exovra Kal Aevrrov at/xa (f)povL- 



fJLcorepa rcov ivavrtajv euriv. apiara Se ra Oepfiov 



10 exovra Kal Xenrov Kal KaBapov aju,a yap irpos r 

 avhpeiav to. rotavra Kal irpos (j^povqctLV ex^i KaXaj?. 

 8l6 Kal ra avoj puopia rrpos ra Kara) ravrrjv e;^et 

 TTjV hia(j)Opdv, Kal rrpos ro OrjXv av ro dppev, Kal 

 ra Se^ta Trpog ra apiarepa rod acojJLaros. 



^OpLOiws Se Kal rrepl rcov a'AAojv Kal rcov roiovrojv 



15 fjLopiOJV Kal rGiv avo[ioio[iepo}V vrroXiqTrreov ex^iv 

 rrjv Siacfiopdv, ra jiev irpos ra epya Kal rrjv ovoiav 

 eKOLGrcp rcov l^cocov, ra he irpos ro [^eXriov rj ^etpov, 

 otov ixovrcov 6(f)daXfjLov? a/x^orepcov ra ix€v ian 

 GKXrjp6(j)daXixa ra S' uypo</>^aA/xa, /cat ra fiev ovk 

 ex€i pXe(j)apa ra 3' ^X^''* ^po? ro rr]v oipiv aKpi- 

 ^eorepav elvai. 



20 "On 8' dvayKalov ex^t^v rj alfia rj ro rovrcp rrjv 

 avr7]v €xov (jtvaiv, Kal ris iariv rj rod atfiarog 

 (jiVGis, TTpcorov SteAojLteVot? rrepl OepiJLOv Kal ipvxpoVy 

 ovrco Kal rrepl rovrov Oecopr^reov rds air las. ttoXXcov 

 yap 7) (j)VGis dvdyerai rrpos ravras rds dpxds, Kal 



25 TToXXol SiaiJi(f)LGpr]rovGi TTola depfid Kal rrola ipvxpd 

 Tcjv ^cpcjov Tj rcx)v pLopiojv. evioi yap ra evvhpa rcov 

 rret^ojv OeppLorepd (jyaoiv elvai, Xeyovres cos erraviGoZ 

 rrjv ijjvxporTjra rod ronov rj rrjs (fivoecos avrcbv 



" This sentiment, which at first sight appears to go against 

 the Aristotelian teleology, is supported by actual instances, 

 e.g. the horns of the backward-grazing oxen (659 a 19) and 

 of the deer (663 a 1 1) and the talons of certain birds (694 a 20). 



120 



