PARTS OF ANIMALS, III. i.-ii. 



web-footed birds) have a beak adapted for their 

 mode of hfe, a special instance of which is the broad 

 beak, which enables them to dig for roots easily, just 

 as the broad snout of the pig enables it to dig — an 

 example of a root-eating quadruped. These root- 

 eating birds and other birds of similar habits some- 

 times have sharp points at the end of the beak. This 

 enables them to deal easily with the herbaceous food 

 which they take. 



We have now, I think, spoken of practically all 

 the parts that have their place in the head ; but 

 in man, the portion of the body between the head 

 and the neck is called the Prosopon (Face), a name 

 derived, no doubt, from the function it performs. 

 Man, the only animal that stands upright, is the 

 only one that looks straight before him (^prosothen 

 opope) or sends forth his voice straight before him 

 (jproso, opd). 



II. We still have to speak of Horns : these also, HomR 

 when present, grow out of the head. Horns are 

 found only in the Vivipara ; though some other 

 creatures have what are called horns, owing to their 

 resemblance to real horns. None of these so-called 

 horns, however, performs the function proper to horns. 

 The reason why the Vivipara have horns is for the 

 sake of self-defence and attack, and this is not true 

 of any of these other creatures, since none of them 

 uses its " horns " for such feats of strength either 

 defensively or offensively. The polydactylous ani- 

 mals," moreover, have no horns, because they possess 

 other means of defence. Nature has given them claws 

 or teeth to fight with, or some other part capable of 



are included, except ruminants, solid-hoofed animals, and 

 Cetacea. 



217- 



