PARTS OF ANIMALS, IV. v. 



viscera are made ; and the reason for this is that a 

 condition of this sort is part of their being : the fact 

 that some animals are blooded and some bloodless 

 will be found to be included in the logos '^ which 

 defines their being. Further, we shall see that none 

 of those purposes for whose sake blooded animals 

 have viscera operate in these other creatures : they 

 have no blood-vessels and no bladder, they do not 

 breathe : the only organ they must necessarily have 

 is the counterpart of the heart, since the sensitive 

 part of the Soul and the original cause of life is always 

 situated in some place which rules the body and its 

 parts. Also, they all have of necessity the parts 

 adapted for dealing with food and nutrition ; but the 

 manner of these varies according to the places where 

 they take their food. 



The Cephalopods have two teeth around what is 

 called their mouth ^ ; and inside the mouth, instead of 

 a tongue, they have a fleshy object, by means of 

 which they discriminate the savour of things to eat. 

 Likewise, the Crustacea have these front teeth and 

 the fleshy counterpart of the tongue. The Testacea 

 all have this latter part, too, for the same reason that 

 blooded animals have a tongue, viz. to perceive the 

 taste of the food they eat. Similarly, too, the Insects 

 have, some of them, a proboscis which comes out 

 from the mouth, as with the Bees and Flies (this has 

 been mentioned earlier '') ; and the ones which have no 

 sharp protrusion in front have a part such as this 

 inside the mouth, as Ants, and the like. Some of 

 these creatures have teeth, though somewhat differ- 

 ent from ordinary teeth (as the Flies,'^ and Bees) ; 



" At 661 a 21 ; cf. Hist. An. 528 b 28. 

 * Or " Ants " (translating Meyer's emendation). 



317 



