PARTS OF ANIMALS, IV. v. 



others have no teeth at all : these are the creatures 

 whose food is fluid. Indeed, in many of the insects 

 the purpose of the teeth is not mastication of food at 

 all, but for use as weapons. 



Of the Testacea, as we stated in the opening treat- 

 ise," some have a very strong tongue (so-called) ; and 

 the Sea-snails actually have two teeth as well, like the 

 Crustacea. In the Cephalopods there is a long gullet 

 next after the mouth, and contiguous to that is a 

 crop like a bird's. Continuous with this is the 

 stomach, then immediately the intestine, which is 

 simple and reaches to the vent. In the Sepias and 

 Octopuses these parts round the stomach are similar 

 both in shape and in consistency. The creatures called 

 Calamaries, like the others, have the two gastric 

 reC'Cptacles,^ but the first of them is less like a crop ; 

 and they differ in shape from the organs of the 

 previous classes, and that is because their bodies are 

 composed of softer flesh throughout. 



These creatures have these parts arranged in this 

 way for the same reason that birds have them: they, 

 like birds, are unable to grind down their food ; hence 

 the crop is placed before the stomach. 



The Cephalopods, for the sake of self-defence and 

 self-preservation, have what is called their Ink. This 

 is contained in a membranous bag which is attached 

 to the body, and comes to an end in an outlet where 

 the residue from the stomach is discharged by the so- 

 called funnel. This is on the under side of the body. 

 All the Cephalopods have this peculiar part, but it is 

 most remarkable in the Sepia, as well as the largest 

 in size. When the Sepia is frightened and in terror, 



" At Hist. An. 528 b 30 ff. 

 • Viz. the crop and the stomach. 



' 319 



