vi SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA OF BIRDS 



5. ErIthacus (Redbreast). Bill rather strong, as broad as it is high 



at the base, where it is depressed, slightly compressed towards 

 the tip ; upper mandible bending over the lower and notched, 

 nostrils basal, oval, pierced in a membrane, partly hid by bristles 

 diverging from the gape ; first primary half as long as the second, 

 fifth the longest ; tail slightly forked. Page 16 



6. Daulias (Nightingale). Bill rather stout, straight, as broad as 



high at the base ; upper mandible slightly bent over at the tip j 

 gape with a few short bristles ; nostrils basal, round, pierced in a 

 membrane ; first primary very short, second and fifth equal in 

 length, third and fourth longest ; tail somewhat rounded ; tarsus 

 elongated. Page 17 



SUB-FAMILY ACCENTORINAl 



Bill strong and broad at base ; upper mandible overlapping lower and 

 slightly notched at tip. 



j. Accentor (Hedge-sparrow). Bill of moderate length, strong, 

 straight, tapering to a fine point ; edges of both mandibles com- 

 pressed and bent inwards, the upper notched near the tip ; nostrils 

 naked, basal, pierced in a large membrane ; feet strong ; claw 

 of the hinder toe longest, and most curved ; first primary almost 

 obsolete, the second nearly equal to the third, which is the longest. 



Page 20 

 SUBFAMILY SYLVIINM 



Young on leaving nest differ slightly in colour from adults. 



8. Sylvia (Whitethroats, Blackcap, Warblers). Bill rather stout, 



short, not very broad at base ; upper mandible decurved towards 

 point, which is slightly emarginate ; nostrils basal, lateral, oval, 

 and exposed ; gape with bristles. Wings moderate, first quill very 

 short. Tail with twelve feathers, generally rounded. Tarsus 

 scutellate in front and longer than middle toe ; toes and claws short. 



Page 21 



9. Acrocephalus (Reed, Marsh, Sedge, and Aquatic Warblers). Bill 



nearly straight, with culmen elevated, wide at base, compressed 

 towards tip, and slightly emarginate ; edges of lower mandible 

 inflected ; nostrils basal, oblique, oval, and exposed ; moderately 

 developed bristles at gape. Forehead narrow, depressed. Wings 

 rather short, first quill minute, third usually longest. Tail rounded, 

 rather long. Legs long ; feet large and stout, hind toe strong j 

 claws long and moderately curved. Page 25 



10. Locustella (Grasshopper Warbler). Differs from other Sylviina 



chiefly in its more rounded tail and longer under tail-coverts. The 

 late Professor Newton found the tendons of the tibial muscles 

 strongly ossified in this genus. Page 28 



11. Phvll6scopus (Chiffchaff, Willow and Wood-warblers). Bill slender, 



rather short ; upper mandible decurved from middle and compressed 

 towards tip, which is very slightly notched ; nostrils basal, lateral, 

 oblong, partly operculate, membrane clothed with small bristle- 

 tipped feathers, internasal ridge very thin ; gape beset with hairs. 

 Wings rather long, first quill comparatively large, third or fourth 

 longest. Tail slightly forked, twelve feathers. Tarsus scaled in 

 front, rather long. Toes long, claws curved. Page 30 



SUB-FAMILY REGUUNJB 

 Arboreal. Each nostril covered by a single stiff feather. 



12. Regulus (Gold and Fire-crested Wrens). Bill very slender, awl- 



shaped, straight, compressed ; cutting edges bent inwards about 



