3 INTRODUCTION. 
many unique specimens of Asterolcpis from the Nairn 
quarries. The well-known fish-bearing horizon of Dura 
Den, Fifeshire, was first exhaustively explored under the 
direction of the Rev. John Anderson, D.D. (author of Dura 
Den, 1859), and the principal specimens obtained are now 
in the British Museum, the Museum of Practical Geology, 
and the University Museum, St. Andrews. Numerous 
isolated discoveries in the Upper Old Red Sandstone 
of the South of Scotland, now enriching the museums 
of London and Edinburgh, were also made early in the 
century by the Rev. James Noble, the Rev. Professor 
J. Fleming, and others. 
In the South of Scotland both the Upper and Lower 
Carboniferous formations furnish abundant remains of 
Fishes and Amphibia, which have been known for a long 
period, and are well represented in the Museums of 
Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London. Among the earliest 
collectors were Professor Fleming (the discoverer of AZegal- 
ichthys), Dr. S. Hibbert (the explorer of the Burdiehouse 
Limestone), Lord Greenock (who investigated the Wardie 
nodules), and Dr. Rankin, of Carluke (who especially 
studied the Coal-Measures). Of these, the collections of 
Fleming and Lord Greenock are now in the Museum of 
Science and Art, Edinburgh; that of Rankin, in the 
Hunterian Museum, Glasgow; and that of Hibbert, un- 
fortunately not traceable. Mr. James Thomson, F.G.S., 
and Mr. John Young, F.G.S., of Glasgow, have made large 
collections of Fishes and Amphibia from the Coal-Measures 
of Lanarkshire; Mr. R. Craig, of Beith, has explored the 
Carboniferous Limestone of Ayrshire, and obtained many 
Selachian teeth; the Geological Survey of Scotland has 
made an important collection of fishes from the Calciferous 
Sandstones of Eskdale, Dumfries ; and the British Museum > 
is indebted to Mr. Damon’s experienced collector, Mr. Jex, 
for a very fine series from the same formation and locality. 
Dr. Hunter, of Braidwood, also has a large collection of 
