INTRODUCTION. XI 
fish-remains from the Scottish Carboniferous; the Edin- 
burgh Museum has been greatly enriched during recent 
years by the labours of Dr. R. H. Traquair, F.R.S., in that 
‘district ; and numerous specimens have been obtained from 
the same prolific field by Messrs. T. Stock, W. T. Kinnear, 
and others. In England, the late Mr. Thomas Atthey 
made the unique collection of Amphibia and Fishes from 
the Northumberland Coal-field now in the Newcastle- 
upon: Tyne Museum ; and for many years Mr. T. P. Barkas, 
F.G.S., systematically collected from the same area, pre- 
senting some specimens to the British Museum, others to 
the Newcastle Museum, and retaining others in his private 
collection. Mr. John Simm and Mr. T. Cragges, of \Vest 
Cramlington, and Mr. Joseph Taylor, of Shire Moor, 
have also done much in their respective districts ; and to 
Mr. Cragges is due the series of microscopical sections of 
teeth from the Coal-Measures, described by Sir Richard 
Owen in 1867, and now in the British Museum. The 
finest collection of English Coal-Measure Fishes, however, 
is that of Mr. John Ward, F.G.S., of Longton, who, by 
donation and exchange, has supplied specimens to most 
of the principal Museums in the country. Mr. Ward’s 
collection comprises a large number of type specimens 
described by Egerton, Young, and Traquair, and is also 
unique from the circumstance that the precise horizon of 
each fossil is recorded.* The Coal-Measures of Yorkshire 
have been especially investigated by Mr. James W. Davis, 
F.G.S., of Halifax, who has a large collection, comprising 
the types of species made known in various papers. The 
Lower Carboniferous of England and Wales yields only 
fragmentary fish-remains, chiefly the teeth and spines of 
sharks, well represented in the British Museum and the 
Museums of Bristol and York. The Yoredale Rocks of 
Richmond and Wensleydale, Yorkshire, have been explored 
* A complete catalogue is published by J. Ward, 7vans. N. Staffs. 
dust. Mining Engineers, vol. x, 1889, with plates. 
